Prosthetic valves are a permanent cure
True
False
Prosthetic valves always create a stenosis
What are the Valve types
Homograft, heterograft, ball and cage
heterograft, zenograft, bovine
Mechanical valves, Homografts, xenograft
Why do Tissue valves fail
degeneration and valve tear or stenosis
mismatch
Valvular regurgitation or stenosis
they swell and freeze open
What type of prosthetic valve is notorious for damaging RBC
Porcine
Hancoock
Ball-in-Chain
Bi- Leaflet Tilting disk
Ball-in-Cage
What is the artifact associated with mechanical valves
ring down
ghosting
shadowing
What Tissue valve has an unlimited range of sizes
Autograft
homograft
Bovine
A Aortic valve replacement by M-mode would look like what other valve
MV
TR
PV
What is the mos common cause of Pulmonary Embolism
Thrombi in other vascular areas
Mural thrombi form the right heart
stasis
DVT
What of the fallowing is not apart of Virchow's Triad
Stasis
Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability
Syncope
What BP number indicates hypertensive heart disease
BP systolic 140 mmHg or Diastolic BP 90 mmHg
BP systolic; 140 mmHg or Diastolic BP > 80 mmHg
BP systolic ; 120 mmHg or Diastolic BP > 60 mmHg
what dose COPD stand for (Question may have more than one soultion )
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
chronic obstructive pathophysiology disorder
what is the primary cause of hypertension
COPD
Primary PHTN is idiopathic
MVD
PE
hyperkinetic apex with severely hypokinetic mid and basal walls is called
the D sign
Mc Connel sign
Virchow Triad
If there is a 20% decrease in flow severe PHTN will develop
true
false
what is the main reason that homograft would fail
from gradual increase in AI
small valve sizes
valvular regurgitation
may stick in the open position
What is the main reason that tilting disc valves fail
struts would fracture
they have no know problems
can stick in the open position
What mechanical vale replacement provides the closet approximation to central flow of a normal heart valve
Ball and age
Single tilting disc
bovine
Bi-leaflet tilting disc
90% of Systemic Hypertension are caused by
Renal disease
Pheochromocytoma
idiopathic
what tissue valve is treated with gluteraldehyde
Homografts
In what from of Hypertension do we see the D sign
Systemic Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension
Where do we see a flying W m-mode
MV PHTN
PV PHTN
PV Systemic Hypertension
MV Systemic Hypertension
Less tan 10% of these replacements have regurgitation
Ball and cage
S/S: despnea, tachypena, hypotension, low grade fever , crackles, wheezing or rubs, syncope, chest pain
PHTN
HTN
