The graft is a graft from 1 place to another in the same individual
right
wrong
Should blood group compatibility between donor and recipient be determined before kidney transplantation
yes
no
3. Classical MHC class II antigens (HLA-DR, DQ) have a more limited distribution than MHC class I antigens
4. The most suitable cells for HLA compatibility testing are lymphocytes derived from the patient's peripheral blood
After blood transfusions, pregnancy and previous transplants can form circulating antibodies
The acute rejection reaction of the transplanted organ is manifested:
3 years
5-6 months
up to 3 months
up to 1-2 weeks
Rejection of the transplant is a manifestation of
Cell-mediated immunity
An important process in allograft rejection is humoral-mediated immunity
Hypersensitivity of type 3 (immune complexes)
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity
can damage the graft through its prancreatic enzymes.
The immune response to the allograft may also include antibodies- igD
Graft reaction against the host (GVH)
-It manifests itself in different MHC antigens between donor and recipient
GVH response does require suppressor T cells
-May be the result of an infusion of blood products containing viable lymphocytes into immunologically incompetent recipient
(GVH) is caused by the destruction of cells or tissues of immunocompetent recipient of immunocompetent stem cells
During transplantation, the preformed cytotoxic antibodies in the recipient
Are responsible for the super-sharp rejection
Cytotoxic antibodies of class IgA and IgD lead to an over-acute rejection reaction
Can be directed against HLA or ABO antigens of the graft
all are correct
Immunological follow-up of an organ transplant patient requires examination of
Changes in lymphocyte populations and subpopulations
n acute rejection is dominated by CD3 + T lymphocytes
Donor-specific AT
Serum levels of cytokines
serum levels of interferons
In recipients with repeated kidney transplants, graft survival compared to that in recipients with a first kidney transplant is:
reduced
increased
recurrent antigenic incompatibilities (especially DR) between donor and recipient in repeated kidney transplants have a positive effect on graft survival.
Prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to compatibility with maternal Rhesus (RhD) factor includes
passive maternal immunization to remove Rh antigen
active maternal immunization to remove Rh antigen
infusion done after 72hours after the first birth
infusion of anti-RhD antibodies to the Rh (+) mother
If the mother develops IgG AT to A and B erythrocyte antigens of the fetus, hemolytic disease of the newborn will appear in children from:
- 0 mother and AB father
AB mother and 0 father
A mother and ab father
0 mother and A father
Which of the following AGs are rich in cell membranes of B-lymphocytes
MHC class II antigens
MHC class I antigens
none are correct
Class III MHC regions in the major human tissue compatibility complex contain genes which encode
- components of the complement system
heat shock proteins and cytokines
components of cellular immunity
Antimetabolites that suppress the immune response are the purine antagonists are
involved in dna synthesis
mercapturin
azathioprine
involved in mRna synthesis
Hypersensitivity graft rejection is associated with
preformed cytotoxic antibodies
complement activation
cellular immunity
nantural resistance
The accelerated rejection reaction involves the following immunological factors and mechanisms of
sensitized T cells preformed by HLA AT formed during immune response to graft or AZKC
activated b cells
complement system
Molecular genetic methods for HLA typing in clinical transplant practice include
elisa
electrophoresis
immunoblot
pcr
The cells infiltrating the graft in the acute rejection reaction are predominantly
CD4 +
CD3 +
CD16 +
CD8+
Allogeneic transplantation
bone marrow transplantation from mother to daughter
bone marrow transplantation from daughter to mother
bone marrow transplantation from mother to son
bone marrow transplantation from father to daughter
Autologous transplantation
transplantation of skin from the thigh to the face of the same individual
transplantation of skin from the thigh to the face of the different individual
transplantation of skin from the thigh of a twin to the face of the other twin individual
done to replace cicatrix for cosmetic procedure
Syngenna
bone marrow transplantation from same individual
bone marrow transplantation between twins
bone marrow transplantation between family members
bone marrow transplantation between two compatible donor and recipient
Sources of stem cells
serum
peripheral blood
pancreas
umbilical cord
bone marrow
epiphysis
Gene loci of the HLA-class II region (3 correct)
dp
rt
dq
dr
ds
located in the long arm of the sixth chromosome in humans
Hormones: luteinizing (LH), follicle-stimulating (FSH), inhibin B and estradiol, are tested in serum to assess ovarian reserve in women with reproductive disorders
Recurrent abortions are not associated with defects in coagulation factors or circulating anticoagulants (lupus-like anticoagulants)
correct
incorrect
Women with positive anti-ovarian antibodies have an increased chance of becoming pregnant after birth control in vitro fertilization or embryo transfer compared to women in whom no such was found antibodies
Antibodies in women with reproductive disorders are tested by serum
Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies, loss of fetal, arterial and venous thrombosis
which hormone is secreted by the granulosa cells of the ovary and controls the series of follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland
fsh
lh
inhibin b
estradiol
Which immune indicators are associated with premature decline in ovarian function
rbc,wbc,anti-dna
ca19-9, anti phospholipid,antithyroid
- antiphospholipid, antinuclear, antithyroid and anti-ovarian AT
none of the above
The study of the reproductive immunophenotype in women with reproductive problems includes
T-lymphocytes CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +
B-lymphocytes CD19 +
NK cells CD3 CD56 +, CD16 +
Immunological manifestations in patients with endometriosis and reproductive problems are demonstrated
increased serum levels of antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies
activated reproductive phenotype and increased NK-cell cytotoxicity
increase in CA125
In patients with previous abortions, monitoring and prognosis of the current pregnancy includes a study of serum concentrations of
FSH
- beta human chorionic gonadotropin
LH
pituitary gland
HLA-G antigens are expressed in
myoblast
osteoblasts
trophoblasts
lymphokines
The main functions of HLA-G antigens are (SPECIFY THE WRONG ANSWER)
inhibiting the antitrophoblast activity of maternal NK cells
protecting the fetus from the mother's immune response against the paternal antigens in it
inducing frequent abortions
protection of the fetus from transplant infections
Elevated NK cells in women with frequent abortions (SPECIFY THE WRONG ANSWER)
secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
are examined by peripheral venous blood in an anticoagulant
are cytotoxic to the placental trophoblast
they don't matter
The immunological examination of anti-phospholipid syndrome in pregnant women includes
- anticardiolipin antibodies
-antibodies to phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine
anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I AT
Anti-ovarian antibodies include AT versus (2 correct)
antigens of the pellucid zone
antigens of steroid-producing granulosa-luteinizing cells
Antibodies against the pellucid zone are also important in specifying cases of cervical cancer
Antibodies against the pellucid zone are also important in specifying cases of cystic disease.
The normal development of pregnancy is due to the predominance of
Th1 cytokines
Th2 cytokines