ch 1 amino acids, peptides, proteins

the AA carbon with the R-group or side-chain is called what?

which AA is achiral?

all AA are what configuration (R/S)?
L/D configuration?

name the seven (7) non-polar AA

which AA contain sulfur?

name the three (3) AA with aromatic side chains

name the five (5) AA with polar side chains (but not acidic/basic)

name the negatively charged (acidic) AA

list the positively charged (basic) AA

are hydrophobic AA found near the exterior or interior or proteins?
hydrophilic AA?

what is an amphoteric species?

what signifies: [HA] = [A-]

pKa of carboxyl group?

pKa of amino group?

in an acidic environment (low pH), are AA positively or negatively charged?

in a basic environment (high pH), are AA positively or negatively charged?

what's a zwitterion?

a buffer is when _____ is close to the pKa value

what is the isoelectric point (pI)?

(equation for) pI of neutral AA? (pH = ~6)

(equation for) pI of acidic AA?

(equation for) pI of basic AA?

what are peptides called with up to 20 amino acids subunits?

what are peptides called with more than 20 amino acids subunits?

what's the free amino acid end called?

what's the free carboxyl end called?

define protein's primary structure

define protein's secondary structure

define protein's tertiary structure

molten globules

negative S or entropy is?

with respect to hydrophilic AA, entropy is increased or decreased?

define protein's quaternary structure

what kind of reaction is breaking a peptide bond?

which AA interrupts secondary structure because of its rigid cyclic structure?

what's a conjugated protein?

what's a prosthetic group? give some examples

denaturation

in neutral solution, most amino acids exist as what?

at neutral pH 7, the charge on glutamic acid is what?

nonpolar R groups in aqueous solution are hydrophilic/hydrophobic and found on the surface/interior of protein?

what type of reaction forms a peptide bond?

which structures (primary, secondary,tertiary, quaternary) are preserved during protein denaturation?