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vor fast 3 Jahre
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Hydrocodone + APAP (Acetaminophen)
Oxycodone + APAP
Composition of Tylenol 1-4?
Therapeutic and SEs of morphine
Nitrous oxide tank color
Oxygen tank color
Nitrous oxide
Why give 3-5min oxygen after shutting off nitrous oxide?
Pharmacokinetics vs. Pharmacodynamics
Systemic drugs cross through what layers to get through to the bloodstream?
Bioavailability of drugs is only 100% if administered via _________.
pH considerations
First pass effect
Volume of distribution (Vd)
T/F: Binding to serum proteins lowers Vd and "traps" drugs in the blood as hydrophilic molecules.
Which tissue have lowest and highest water content?
Drug metabolism phase
Drug clearance
First-order vs. Zero-order elimination kinetics
Induction vs. inhibition DDIs
Almost all drug targets are ________.
Agonist vs. Antagonist
Competitive antagonist vs. non-competitive antagonist
Inverse agonist
Type I vs. Type II dose response curve
Intrinsic activity (efficacy)
Efficacy vs. Affinity vs. potency
Competitive antagonist vs. non-competitive antagonist effects on Type I dose response curve
Type II dose curve
How is the therapeutic index calculated?
Additive vs Synergistic effects
Parasympathetic (PSNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nerves extend from which part of the spinal cord?
PSNS bodily effects
SNS bodily effects
Ionotropic vs Metabotropic receptors in the ANS
2 kinds of cholinergic receptors
Adrenergic receptors
SNS and PSNS nerve length
T/F: All ganglion and adrenal medulla receptors are nicotinic (ionotropic) receptors, for both SNS and PSNS.
ACh synthesis
Muscarinic receptors subtypes
What patients should not be given M agonists?
Synthesis of epi/NE
Catecholamines vs monamines
Adrenergic receptor subtypes
sympathomimetic
T/F: When alpha 2 receptors are agonized, it will block SNS signal.
Epinephrine reversal
Vasovagal reflex
_________ blocks the vasovagal reflex.
What contributes to BP?
Preload vs. afterload
Diuretic antihypertensive MOA
Furosemide, HCTZ, Spironolactone
Antihypertensive vasodilators and CCB MOA
SE of CCBs
Angiotensin II
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system
Antihypertensive ACE inhibitors (-prils)
Nitroglycerin, propranolol, CCBs belong to what family of meds?
Heart attack emergency response
Anti-CHF drugs should be given when......
Cardiac Glycosides (Digoxin) MOA
4 types of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs:
Dopamine, serotonin, GABA receptor effects
Antipsychotics
Antidepressant drugs
Choice drug for bipolar disorder?
Ideal drug for oral sedation in dental setting?
Benzos & barbiturates (sedatives) MOA
Propylene glycol can induce ___________ in large veins.
Barbiturate contraindications
Barb overdose --
T/F: Sedatives provide no pain relief.
Stages of General Anesthesia
The more soluble the general anesthetic agent in blood, the (more/less) you need to reach critical tension in the brain.
Halothane's (GA) SE
Cause of Parkinson's?
T/F: Dopamine cannot cross the BBB.
Carbidopa is administered w/ L-DOPA because
Neostigmine
Pharmacodynamics
Affinity
Kd
Selectivity
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacovigilance
Pharmacogenomics
List the 5 main R types
Type 1 graded dose-response curve
Potency
Type 2 quantal dose response curve
Therapeutic Window
Therapeutic index
pH
pKA
Henderson-Hasselbach equation
Volume of Distribution (Vd)
Metabolism
-phase 1 rxns
-phase 2 rxns
Catecholamine Synthesis
Drug Clearance
Flow Dependent Elimination