PM Delivery of Services

1-4) fundamental aspects of practice mgmt include:

1) what is one of the most important ways an arch. can reduce risk for the firm?
2) what are important factors in regard to the client when deciding to accept a project?
3) ^ when in regard to the firm?

1) if client requests work the arch expects will exceed const/ budget/ prof. fees/ both, the arch. can:

1) if a prospective client is unknown to the arch., investigating is important by means of:

1) if the client wants to use a nonstandard contract this means what & what should the arch suggest?
2) if owner insists on using a nonstandard agreement the arch should:

1) be curious if the client is using bidding to select a design prof. b/c this can indicate:
2) find out if the client has a history of (___) w/ prof.'s, consultants, & contractors
3) what are some red flags to look out for w/ the client that can cont. to occur throughout the project's life?

1) if arch. decides to accept a job, they first must negotiate an agreement w/ client that determines the:
2) if part of negotiations include developing a prelim design & const. sch to help determine project's feasibility & fees before complete owner-arch agreement is written, arch should:

1) if another arch. has been involved w/ project, new arch should:
2) in the AIA Code of Ethics & Prof. Conduct, an arch. may supplant/replace another arch but cannot:

1) "project delivery" specifically describes:
2) project delivery methods includes the selection of:

1) who is responsible for selecting the project delivery method (P.D.M.)?
2) what variables can affect choice of PDM
3) in a traditional owner arch relationship, owner hires arch & contractor to build project w/ arch acting as:

1) in a traditional owner arch relationship, the contractor agrees to:
2) in a traditional owner arch relationship (project delivery model), how do the contracts operate?

1-2) the project delivery method should be confirmed before when & why?

PROJECT DELIVERY SELECTION FACTORS
1) why have owners traditionally chosen the design-bid-build method?
2) what is the downside to this method ^ in regard to cost?
3) bidding puts the contractor in the role of what to the owner & arch?

1) to achieve a low bid, a contractor will often:
2) a contractor may try to take advg of discrepancies/ambiguities in const. docs to force:
3) unless a project is well designed/ detailed & spec's are thoroughly written, a design-bid-build approach is:

1) if owner wants to avoid a bidding process they can:
2) schedule is an important factor b/c:
3) why would any owner (private or public) be under pressure to complete a bldg as quick as possible?
4) scheduling pressure led to what?

1) projects can speed up quickly when using the fast-track method with:
2) what does project scope refer to?
3) what is the best strategy for large complex projects?

1) when a project has many unknowns any P.D.M. may be employed using a:
2) quality can affect choice of P.D.M. b/c:
3) what is another way the arch can help reduce risk on a project?

1) what strategies can be used to help min. risks during design & const.?
2) additionally what can these strategies ^ do?

1-6) what are the 6 main types of project delivery methods?

(see ch 49 for arch's preconst. responsibilities of various types of P.D.M.'s)

DESIGN-BID-BUILD (DBB)
1) what is this type of PDM also called?
2) what is the arch's job in this approach?
3) what is used as the basis for pricing the project & awarding a const. contract?
4) how is a const. contract "awarded"?

1) while the selected contractor builds the project, the arch provides:
2) the owner has one or separate contracts w/ the arch & contractor?
3) what are the advg's of DBB?

1) what is the main disadvantage of DBB?
2) what type of problem can this disadvantage cause?
3) if the contractor isn't selected by negotiation, DBB often leads to:

CONST. MANAGER AS ADVISER (CMa)
1) a const. manager can be either a const. contractor or independent 3rd party who acts as:
2) who hires the CM?

1) what does the CM advise on?

-disadvantages of using a CM
1) b/c CM is hired before design work is finished there is no:
2) the mgmt structure is more:
3) how can these ^ disadvantages be reduced?

1-4) if CM is an independent adviser which AIA agreements should be used?

*Notes versions of these agreements exist for sustainable projects

-3 methods w/ a CMa for est. total const. cost of a project:
1) 1st- "fixed-price method" aka "stipulated sum or lump sum method" in which:

2) 2nd- "cost-plus-fee method" w/ a guaranteed max price (GMP) in which:
3) 3rd- is "cost-plus-fee" w/out a:

FAST-TRACKING
1) this method is used when overall time for design & const. must be compressed so the const. processes can:
2) the arch & engineering docs are issued:
3) this method can be used w/ any PDM, but most often when:
4) it req's many what, but can reduce time & cost substantially

AIA Doc A232 req's arch & CM to perform joint const. admin services like:
1) visiting the site
2) certifying applications for payment
3) rejecting work
4) reviewing submittals
5) investigating concealed/unknown cond.'s

-the CMa is responsible for:

1) scheduling & coordinating activities of contractor & oth. multiple prime contractors
2) facilitating communication btwn the owner & contractor

1) the arch's const. admin services are sim to on a DBB but:
2) the arch's decisions on matters relating to aesthetic effect are:

CONST. MANAGER AS CONSTRUCTOR-CMc
1) here the const. manager is part of:
2) as a CMc method, there is a single agreement w/ owner that covers both:
3) b/c of the owner agreements, the CMc's services are divided into 2 phases:

1) like the CMa method, in preconst. phase the CMc provides advice to owner on:
2) unlike w/ CMa, there are only 2 ways to price the project, either:
3) the CMc bases cost estimates & GMP on:

1) many CMc const. managers prefer the cost-plus-fee method w/out a GMP b/c:
2) this cost method allows the owner & CMc to monitor cost via periodic review of original estimate as project proceeds &:
3) this cost method also allows CMc to advise arch on:

1) during the const. phase, roles & responsibilities of contractor & arch become what they are typ under:
2) if CM is also contractor diff. AIA agreements from DBB or CMa projects should be used including:

1) all AIA Doc's B133, A133, A134 are intended to be used w/ AIA Doc:
2) in addition to preconst., an arch's responsibility to provide const. admin services w/ a CMc begins when either (1-3):
3) what is the "control estimate"

1) the ctrl estimate est. the expected date of:
2) the ctrl estimate includes a list of:
3) during const. phase services, the arch must advise & consult w/:

DESIGN-BUILD (DB)
1) in this P.D.M. the owner contracts w/:

-forms of a design-build entity:

1) const. contractor w/ in-house design services
2) const. contractor collaborating w/ arch/ oth. design prof. via a joint venture or oth. project-specific legal entity

1) typ a DB entity is led by a:
2) how do arch's & engineers fit into the leadership of a DB?
3) who do the arch & engineer have agreements w/?
4) who coordinates efforts btwn contractor & arch?

1-2) what are 2 other less common forms a DB entity can take?
3) what does it mean to form a joint venture to perform a DB?

1) what must be understood before forming a joint venture?
2) in this P.D.M., the owner provides the design-builder w/:
3) the design-builder uses info provided by client to:

1) DB method can be used for small, large, public, private projects but what may limit how a public project is completed?

DB ADVGS TO OWNER INCLUDE:
1) single source of responsibility b/c design & const. under one contract
2) all parties work together to give owner best value
3) skilled constructor gies advice early in design stages when time&cost saving measures can be implemented

DB DIS-ADVGS TO OWNER INCLUDE:

1) once contract signed, owner has less ctrl over design & const. than w/ oth PDM's
2) disagreements about what should've been included in design can occur

1) in a DB method the owner is responsible for developing a set of:
2) & b/c of the abv ^, owners must usually have exp. w/:

*AIA CONTRACT DOCS ORGANIZATION

A-series- owner-contractor agreements
B-series- owner-architect agreements
C-series- other agreements (like joint ventures for professional services)

-for a DB project to be successful:
1) owner must be educated in unique aspects of this method or have exp in it
2) owner's project criteria must be clearly & completely stated which include bldg program, objectives for cost, time, design excellence, performance specifications, sustainable criteria, oth project specific req.'s

-for a DB project to be successful:
4) best if key contractors like struct/mech engineers are selected early & involved in design process
5) contract that allows for adjustment in cost/time as project proceeds, even w/ a GMP is used

1) what is the main AIA contract for a DB method?
2) what AIA contract is to be used if arch is hired as consultant/subcontractor?
3) when is no separate agreement needed for the arch?

1) who is DBIA?
2) what does DBIA offer?
3) who does DBIA vs AIA agreements favor?

OWNER'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN DB:
1) providing project criteria
2) assumes many const. contract admin duties normally performed by arch
2a) reviewing / approving submittals
2b) approving changes submitted by design-builder

1) in regard to payment, the agreement btwn owner & design-builder can be based on:
2) AIA Doc A141 includes provisions for the:

ARCH'S RESPONSIBILITIES IN DB CAN INCLUDE (BUT NOT NECESSARILY):
1) normal design admin services like design scheduling, consultant coordination, design presentations, assistance w/ submissions to govt authorities

1) what is the "bridging" method
2) w/ this method the owner hires an arch or engineer (AE) to be:
3) the AE acts as:
4) the AE relieves the owner of what responsibility?

1) the AE sometimes works w/ public & private groups to:
2) what does the AE help develop early in the project & why?
3) when a design-build firm is selected at bidding they take over:

1) the AE will review the final docs on behalf of the owner to ensure design goals are met, but are not what?
2) the design-build firm then uses final docs it's prepared to what?
3) bridging is based on the idea that the design-build firm is in best position to:

1) what do owner's see as the advg's of bridging?

DESIGN-ASSIST CONTRACTING
1) summarize ^this project mgmt method
2) this method is based on the assumption that sometimes subcontractors, trades, product suppliers are more:

1) in this method, details & spec's of areas can be:
2) the owner must develop a:
3) the arch must help w/ developing req.'s of:

INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY (IPD)
1) here all participants collaborate closely from project's conception until move-in, theory being that:
2) what is the key difference in IPD from a DB method?

1) in IPD who starts working together at project conceptualization, aka "predesign"
2) IPD depends heavily on:
3) what is the effect on timelines since more participants are involved?

PHASES OF IPD:
1) conceptualization (pre-design)
2) criteria design (schematic design)
3) detailed design (design development)
4) implementation docs (const. docs)
5) agency review

1) what does the "MacLeamy curve" rep?
2) what are the advg's of IPD?
3) which AIA doc addresses IPD aspects like compensation, legal responsibilities, tech standards?

1) thru AIA docs, what are the 3 ways to est. contractual relationships btwn primary participants in IPD?
2a-c) "transitional forms" are modeled after existing CM agreements including:

1) what is a "multi-party agreement"
2) ^this type of agreement is governed by AIA Doc:

1) what does the IPD multi-party agreement outline & encourage?
2) an IPD project is managed by:
3) what does an IPD project executive team provide?
4) ea. team (#2&3) consists of:

1) a "single purpose entity" (SPE) is an:
2) an SPE is a complete sharing of:
3) what type of projects is an SPE for IPD typ used?

1) AIA Doc (__) is used w/ SPE
2) ^this agreement req.'s the SPE to contract w/:
3) once project reaches const. phase, the arch's const. contract admin roles/ responsibilities are sim to AIA Doc:

PRACTICE METHODOLOGIES

1) "practice methodologies" are the various
2) methods chosen depend on:
(read ch: 4, 5, 10, 46, 49, 50)

DESIGN METHODOLOGIES
1) firms can be design-based w/ concentration on developing solutions to problems unique & identifiable w/ firm: think starchitect w/ distinct style - conceptual design by principal & project managers & team develop & implement concept

3) some firms are generalists, so principals & staff need a broad range of exp b/c new bldg types can req. more time & effort which can strain fee budget & resource, cause wide swings in staff employment from changed in marketplace -this can be good tho b/c firm more adapted to move btwn markets, staff more flexible, can always hire a specialist bldg type consultant

5) generalist & specialist firms often use studio office org. where most design & production for ea. project is the responsibility of a single group of employees (some larger offices have studios specializing in certain bldg types)

3) some firms elect to "outsource" portions of work on project-by-project basis - this is the practice of contracting w/ another co. for the production of a certain part of the arch's work product
-it can be an economical way to produce const. dwgs, manage fluctuating workloads, reduce production time, take on more work, but req.'s add. mgmt

CONSULTANT COORDINATION
1) one of arch's most important pre-design tasks is to assemble & coordinate a team of prof. consultants to work on project
2) services expected from ea. consultant must be determined w/ advice of consultant & approval of client

b cont.) here arch holds primary contract w/ owner, receives all payments, responsible for paying consultants their shares of total fee
-typ to include a "pay when paid" clause in contract stating consultants will be paid when the owner pays to avoid problems

1) typ objections arch's have for working w/ non-engineering consultants is that it's:

TECH. FOR WORKING W/ CONSULTANTS
1a) create list of reliable ppl in area w/ several contacts for ea. type of work in case 1st choice is too busy
1b) research/interview before needs arise to allow time to choose & make needed agreements
1c) include costs for this work in initial project budget

4) est. a lump-sum contract price for work that's to be outsourced like when creating dwgs or specifications (this helps to develop a project budget), be explicit in written agreement of extent of work & quality