Suggest and explain what effect supraventricular tachycardia ( electrical signals leak from the atrial
walls directly to the top of the ventricles.) might have on blood flow from the heart?

Suggest why the foramen ovale (hole in the septum) is open in the fetus before birth

State a difference between fetal haemoglobin and adult haemoglobin
reason why this difference is essential to the fetus.

Explain why tissue fluid does not contain erythrocytes

Describe the role of haemoglobin in transporting oxygen around the body

Describe how the hydrogen carbonate ions are produced in the erythrocytes?

Name and explain this effect : "High concentrations of carbon dioxide in the blood reduce the amount of oxygen
transported by haemoglobin"

What is ment by the term health?

Describe how the components of tobacco smoke can affect the cardiovascular system of smokers?

Explain why the fetal haemoglobin curve is to the left of the adult haemoglobin curve

Describe and explain how substances that are dissolved in the blood plasma, such as oxygen or glucose, enter the tissue fluid from the capillaries ?

Explain why cartilage is essential in the trachea

Suggest advantages of keeping the blood inside vessels

Describe and explain how the wall of an artery is adapted both to withstand and maintain high hydrostatic pressure.

Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the left atrium

Explain how pressure changes in the heart bring about the closure of the atrioventricular
(bicuspid) valve

Explain why the curve for fetal oxyhaemoglobin is to the left of the curve for adult oxyhaemoglobin.

Outline the benefits of the Bohr shift to actively respiring tissue

Describe the roles of the sinoatrial node (SAN) and the atrioventricular node (AVN) in coordinating the cardiac cycle

State ways in which the wall of an artery is different from the wall of a vein.

"Blood in the arteries has a high hydrostatic pressure."
State how this hydrostatic pressure is generated in the heart

Explain why the hydrostatic pressure of the blood drops as blood moves away from the
heart ?

Name the type of muscle found in the walls of the heart chambers

name the process that creates pressure inside the heart chambers

State the meaning of the terms single circulatory system and closed circulatory system