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Which of the following drugs is useful in treating dermatologic manifestations of an allergic response?
a. Diazepam
b. Atropine
c. Hexylresorcinol
d. Chlorpheniramine
e. Phenoxybenzamine
Cimetidine is used therapeutically to
a. Stimulate respiration
b. Protect against anaphylaxis
c. Decrease gastric acid secretion
d. Hasten excretion of barbiturates
e. Dilate smooth muscles of the bronchioles
Gastric acid secretion has been shown to be most effectively reduced with the use of
a. Adrenal steroids
b. Anticholinergic drugs
c. Serotonin antagonists
d. H1-histamine receptor antagonists
e. H2-histamine receptor antagonists
Drug-mediated inhibition of H2-histamine receptors is most useful in treating
a. Asthma
b. Anaphylaxis
c. Contact dermatitis
d. Gastric hyperacidity
e. Localized allergic reactions
Which of the following antihistamines is most commonly used as preoperative medication?
a. Meclizine
b. Cyclizine
c. Promethazine
d. Dimenhydrinate
e. Chlorpheniramine
Use of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) in controlling the symptoms of parkinsonism is based upon which of the following effects?
a. Anticholinergic
b. Local anesthetic
c. Adrenergic-blocking
d. CNS depressant on the midbrain
e. Stimulant to dopaminergic nerves in the basal ganglia
The mechanism of action of H1 antihistamines is
a. MAO enzyme inhibition
b. competitive antagonism
c. physiologic antagonism
d. noncompetitive antagonism
e. inhibition of release of bound histamine
Which of the following drugs is often used to treat trigeminal neuralgia?
a. clonazepam
b. carbamazepine
c. acetazolamine
d. succinylcholine
The use of epinephrine for local hemostasis during surgery might result in
a. hypoglycemia
b. cardiac arrthymia
c. an acute asthma attack
d. a drastic drop in blood pressure
e. any of the above
The highest risk associated with use of oral contraceptives is
a. hepatic necrosis
b. permanent sterility
c. cancer of the breast
d. cancer of the uterus
e. thromboembolic disorders
Factors common to all forms of drug abuse include EXCEPT
a. miosis
b. tolerance
c. physical dependence
d. psychological dependence
Alcoholic euphoria results from
a. increased activity of the cerebellum
b. increased activity of the cerebral areas
c. increased activity of the spinal synapses
d. decreased activity of the medullary centers
e. removal of inhibitory activity of the cortex
Sulfonyl ureas cause insulin secretion by
a. adrenergic simulation
b. cholinergic stimulation
c. direct stimulation of pancreatic beta cells
d. dependent of glucosa
If a patient requiring an extraction reports that he is on dicoumarol therapy, the laboratory test most valuable in evaluating the surgical risk is
a. clotting time
b. bleeding time
c. sedimentation rate
d. complete blood cell count
e. plasma prothrombin time
A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. If 2 gms are given every 4 hrs what will be the amount in gms in the body immediately after the third dose?
a. 1.5
b. 2.0
c. 3.5
d. 4.0
e. 6.0
Which of the following combinations represents acceptable agonistantagonist pairs in antidotal therapy?
a. morphine-naloxone
b. dicoumarol-protamine
c. warfarin-phenylbutazone
d. carbon monoxide-carbon dioxide
The various insulin preparations useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus differ primarily in
a. locus of action
b. mechanism of action
c. mode of transformation
d. onset and duration of action
e. none of the above
Displacement of a drug from protein binding sites is expected to increase the
a. drug effect observed
b. duration of drug effect
c. dose required for a given effect
d. none of the above
In an addisonian crisis (hypoaldosteronism) resulting from stress from a minor dental procedure, the patient should be treated immediately with
a. 0.5 ml norepinephrine
b. 5 mg. prednisolone acetate
c. 1% triamcinolone acetonide
d. 0.5 ml, 1:1000 epinephrine
e. 2 ml (100 mg) hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
Drug A inhibits the biotransformation of Drug B. The duration of action of drug B in the presence of drug A will usually be
a. shortened
b. prolonged
c. unchanged
d. equal
In which of the following groups of drugs is there the most consistency in chemical structure?
a. diuretics
b. antiepileptics
c. local anesthetics
d. general anesthetics
e. nonbarbiturate sedatives
Cimetidine is administered to
a. aid in sleeping
b. relieve asthma
c. inhibit gastric secretion
d. relieve cold and flu symptoms
Which of the following anticancer drugs can be classified as an antimetabolite?
a. cisplatin
b. lomustine
c. vincristine
d. methotrexate
Which of the following hormones acts to elevate blood concentration of ionic calcium?
a. glucagon
b. parathyroid
c. aldosterone
d. thyrotropin
e. thyrocalcitonin
Disorientation, confusion, and hallucinations resulting from an overdose of scopolamine are most efficaciously treated by administering
a. atropine
b. levodopa
c. acetylcholine
d. physostigmine
Developed hyporeactivity to a drug is
a. tolerance
b. antagonism
c. detoxification
d. desensitization
Absorption of a drug from the intramuscular site of administration may be slowed by a. excercise b. vasoconstriction c. the presence of congestive heart failure d. administering the drug as an insoluble complex
1. a and b
2. b only
3. b, c, and d
4. b and d
5. all of the above
Salicylism includes which of the following? a. nausea b. tinnitus c. vomiting d. gastrointestinal bleeding
1. a, b, and c
2. a, b, and d
3. a and c only
4. b, c, and d
Which of the following are important criteria for the adequate clinical evaluation of a new drug? a. comparison with a placebo b. evaluation of side effects c. utilization of control groups d. comparison with a standard drug e. double blind experimental design
1. a, b, c, and d
2. a, b, d, and e
3. a, c, d, and e
4. b, c, and e
5. b, d and e only
6. all of the above
Each of the following agents has a long duration of action due to the presence of liver generated active metabolites EXCEPT
a. diazepam
b. oxazepam
c. flurazepam
d. chlordiazepoxide
Each of the following statements relates to the general aspects of toxicology EXCEPT
a. most drugs exert a single action
b. toxicity is both time and dose dependent
c. toxicity can be due to overdosage of a drug
d. symptoms of toxicity can be anything ranging from nausea to death
e. for some drugs, even a minimal concentration can be harmful
The central actions of ethyl alcohol are not synergistic with which of the following?
b. meperidine
c. pentobarbital
d. chlorpromazine
e. methylphenidate
A heroin dependent patient should not be given nalbuphine (Nubain) for pain because
a. it has no analgesic properties
b. it may produce respiratory depression
c. as a mixed agonist-antagonist, it can elicit withdrawal symptoms
d. the high abuse potential of nalbuphine may add to the patient's problems
All of the following methods of drug biotransformation are classified as synthetic except:
a. N-alkylation
b. O-dealkylation
c. sulfate conjugation
d. glucuronide conjugation