Columns - groups
rows - periods

middle section - transition metals

group 0 can also be written and group 8

group 8 - very stable and very un-reactive. they are the noble gases.

group 1 - alkaline metals, they are very reactive
Examples of reactions with water and oxygen:
metal + oxygen = metal oxide
metal + water = sodium oxide
metal + water = metal hydroxide + hydrogen
lithium + water = lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

Structure of electrons in each group of the periodic table -

Clearly, depending on which group it is that the amount of electrons which will be on the outer shell

Group 1 example; Lithium has 3 electrons

we would say the electronic configuration is 2:1 (this shows there is 2 electrons in the 1st shell and 1 in the second shell)

Sodium is 2:8:1
Potassium is 2:8:8:1
Group 2 example of magnesium the structure is 2:8:2
Beryllium is 2:2

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Note on the periodic table