Circulatory System II

a. Congenital heart disease

b. valvular defect

c. Ischaemic heart disease

d. myocarditis

e. arterial hypertension

a. loop diuretics

b. ACE inhibitors

c. beta adrenergic blockers

d. digitalis

e. spironolactone

a. more common on Mondays and Holidays

b. frequency sections is always above 100 / min

c. a slowdown in ventricular rate is achieved by digitalis

d. a slowdown in ventricular rate is obtained by beta-blockers

e. in chronic AF is required anticoagulation

a. in persistent ventricular tachycardia is still needed defibrillation

b. in cardioversion persistent ventricular tachycardias requires synchronized cardioversion with a low energy (50J)

c. in stable patients attack can be stopped by amiodarone

d. hemodynamic impairment of the patient is not dependent on the frequency of tachycardia

e. increased risk of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia patients with short QT interval in the electrocardiogram

a. whereas translating arousal follows the ancillary way, the PQ period extended

b. in ortodromic tachycardia the QRS complexes of normal width

c. in antidromic tachycardia the QRS complexes Extended

d. atrial fibrillation within WPW can be treated with digoxin

e. atrial fibrillation within WPW can be treated with verapamil

A width of the QRS complexes with over 0.14

B. Web and spliced beats

C. atrioventricular dissociation

F. the absence of the finger P

D. The width of the QRS complexes under 0.14 with

A. irregular and differently charged arterial pulse

B. regular and evenly filled arterial pulse

C. struck tones

F. differently loud first heart tone

D. missing tines P are present fibrillation the teeth of different amplitudes

A. Wenckebach periodicity

B. complete termination of atrioventricular conduction

C. Mobitz III

F. Mobitz II

D. advanced atrioventricular block

A. threatening condition that requires urgent treatment

B. has preserved atrial activity (P tines or f) visible on the ECG

C. has a complete atrioventricular dissociation were seen on the ECG

F. is harmless, treatment is required

D. QRS complexes are often narrow

A. The machine uses high-energy (200-300J) Defibrillation

B. from ventricular tachycardia using antitachycardia stimulation, or cardioversion

C. in the case of bradycardia heart encourages

F. The use of ventricular fibrilation defibrilation

D. The apparatus is capable of a total of 10 to 20 shocks

A short period of PQ (0.12 or lower)

B. extended interval Q-T

C. The presence of wave U

F. widened QRS complex (over 0.10 s)

D. delta wave

a. The incidence increases with age

b. prevalence in the age group above 60 years is about 5%

c. Patients with atrial fibrillation have a 2x higher mortality

d. increasing the number of independent rotations depolarization, the greater the chance of spontaneous termination of arrhythmias

e. in untreated ventricular arrhythmia frequency it is usually between 70 and 90 / min

a. It is a rare form of supraventricular tachycardia

b. depolarization reaches the atrium earlier than ventricle, so the ECG visible P waves just before the QRS complexes

c. vagal maneuvers are often interrupted rhythm disorder

d. beta blockers are contraindicated

e. with frequent attacks, treatment selection catheter ablation of slow pathways

a. in ortodromni tachycardia the QRS complexes wide

b. in ortodromni tachycardia often we see negative p waves just for QRS

c. antidromno tachycardia treated with verapamil

d. ortodormno tachycardia treated with digitalis

e. treatment with catheter ablation is successful

a. Occasionally they can narrow QRS complexes

b. ECG can be found in the so-called compounded and caught pulses

c. rule is hemodynamically significant

d. unstable ventricular tachycardia lasting more than 3 minutes

e. unstable ventricular tachycardia has a worse prognosis than persistent

a. often it occurs in patients with short QT interval

b. It occurs more often in people with sinus tachycardia

c. It may occur during treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs and drugs that prolong the QT interval

d. It occurs more often in hypokalaemia and hypomagnesaemia

e. some patients indication for insertion cardioverter-defibrillator

a. with vagal maneuvers

b. digitalis

c. lidocaine

d. amiodarone

e. electrical cardioversion

a. common is sinus tachycardia

b. mostly the result of degenerative changes in the sinus node and atrium

c. due to sinus bradycardia occur fugitive tachycardic arrhythmias

d. reversible disease

e. There are several levels of sino-atrial block

a. the incidence increasing with age

b. frequently it occurs in patients with arterial hypertension

c. cause of acute atrioventricular block may be some infectious diseases

d. chronic block successfully treated with sympathomimetic

e. beta-blockers do not affect the atrioventricular translation

a. Wide QRS complex is less than 120 ms

b. QRS complex is wide more than 120 ms

c. electrical axis is displaced to the left

d. electrical axis normal

e. it is necessary as soon as possible the insertion of a pacemaker

a. GMAS attack the AV block II. degree Mobitz I

b. asymptomatic AV block II. degree Mobitz II

c. asymptomatic AV block III. Instance

d. ECG in asymptomatic pause longer than 2 seconds

e. Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome, which requires different antiarrhythmic therapy

a) immediately defibrillation and perform external cardiac massage to recovery of spontaneous circulation

b) obtain accurate history of the duration and frequency of attacks

c) in a patient with the first attack, which lasts less than 48 hours, do a conversion of heart rhythm

d) after successful cardioversion attack, which lasted less than 48 hours, introduce a beta blocker

e) if the patient is hemodynamically compromised, do not need treatment

a) immediately defibrillation and perform external cardiac massage to recovery of spontaneous circulation

b) terminate ventricular fibrillation with amiodarone injection with external cardiac massage

c) after successful defibrillation record the ECG, in which we are looking for signs of acute coronary syndrome

d) if the patient is hemodynamically compromised, do not need treatment

e) in a patient who survived ventricular fibrillation, which was not due to acute coronary syndrome, it has to be implantable defibrillator cardioverter

a) sue just because of intermittent attacks of rapid, irregular heart beat

b) the stun

c) the occasional loss of consciousness

d) the unusually tired

e) have dyspnea on exertion

a) an infusion of norepinephrine

b) transcutaneous stimulation of the heart

c) the stimulation of the heart transvenously

d) amiodarone

e) with beta-blockers

A. Ebstein anomaly with right-to-left shunt through an open foramen ovale

B. tetralogy of Fallot

C. sinus venosus type ASD with left-right shunt

F. Open ductus line with left-right shunt

D. coarctation of the aorta

A. Completely healthy

B. often have residual hypertension

C. They are cyanotic

F. For them it is more common congenital aortic valve Double blade

D. dying from heart failure

A. Extremely rarely detected in adulthood

B. It is most commonly found congenital heart defect in adulthood

C. Do you often entangled with Eisenmenger’s syndrome

F. There is no need to be treated if it is detected only in adulthood, because it shows its clinical irrelevance

D. in adulthood often reveal only the concurrent systemic arterial hypertension

A. Pulmonary arterial hypertension

B. The defect interventricular septum

C. Cyanosis

F. pulmonary stenosis

D. Hypertrophy of left ventricle and overriding aorta

a. anemia

b. blood clotting disorders

c. proteinuria

d. Heart rhythm disorders

e. Thrombocytosis

a. the defect in the area fose ovalis interatrial septum

b. Santa's rule, right-left

c. Eisenmenger syndrome is a rare

d. ECG is often left bundle branch block

e. treatment is required

a. A small leak may be asymptomatic

b. wherein the noise holodiastoličen left parasternalno

c. to demonstrate the urgent transesophageal echocardiography

d. treatment is indicated, in the case of Eisenmenger's symptoms

e. and operated in the leak was in the non-sterile procedures indicated antibiotic protection

a. the most common cause of aortic stenosis is rheumatic fever over it in the past

b. patients with severe aortic stenosis occurs with exertion of angina pectoris

c. Electrocardiogram are often symptoms of left ventricular hypertrophy

d. systolic volume noise in perfect correlation with the degree of stenosis

e. Patients with aortic stenosis may have syncope

A. Heavy breath with exertion

B. Syncope with exertion

C. In particular, a right-sided heart failure

F. Exertional angina

D. Sistolodiastolični noise over Erbovo point

A. If at the same time decide to bypass

B. If it falls left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50%

C. Always, with no concomitant diseases

D. If symptoms occur when stress test

E. If the patient is younger than 50 years