1. What congenital malformation is commonly linked to acute leukemia in children?
a. Down syndrome
b. Wilms tumor
c. Retinoblastoma
d. Neuroblastoma
2. When are childhood cancers most often diagnosed?
a. During infancy
b. At peak times of physical growth
c. After diagnosis of a chronic illness
d. After an acute illness
3. Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) can result in which type of cancer?
a. Breast cancer
b. Leukemia
c. Vaginal cancer
d. Lymphoma
4. Currently, what percentage of children with cancer can be cured?
a. 40%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 85%
5. What do most childhood cancers arise from?
a. Epithelium
b. Mesodermal germ layer
c. Embryologic ectodermal layer
d. Viscera
6. Which form of cancer is linked to congenital malformation syndromes?
a. Wilms tumor
b. Retinoblastoma
c. Osteosarcoma
d. Rhabdomyosarcoma
7. Research data support a carcinogenic relationship in children resulting from exposure to which virus?
a. Herpes simplex virus
b. Influenza
c. Varicella-zoster virus
d. Epstein-Barr virus
8. What does a child diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have an increased risk of developing?
a. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
c. Epstein-Barr
d. Leukemia
9. Which intervention has the greatest effect on a child’s mortality rate when diagnosed with cancer?
a. Age at the time of diagnosis
b. Participation in clinical trials
c. Proximity to a major cancer treatment center
d. Parental involvement in the treatment planning
10. Which statement is likely true regarding children being treated for cancer with radiation therapy?
a. They will most likely have a successful remission of tumor growth.
b. They seldom require follow-up maintenance treatments.
c. They are prone to experience severe developmental delays.
d. They are at increased risk for developing childhood cancers.
11. How should the healthcare professional reply when parents question why a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head was not ordered for their 5-year-old child after a minor fall?
a. Physicians are cautious about ordering CT scan on children younger than 10 years of age
b. CT scans are seldom conclusive when used to diagnosis head injuries in young children.
c. The child’s symptoms will determine whether a CT scan is necessary and worth the expense.
d. Research suggests that repeated CT scans can increase the risk of developing brain cancer.
1. Childhood exposure to which risk factors is known to increase the susceptibility for developing cancers? (Select all that apply.)
a. Low birth weight
b. Chemotherapy
c. Ionizing radiation
d. Cigarette smoke
e. Epstein-Barr virus
2. Which statement is true concerning the difference between adult and childhood cancers? (Select all that apply.)
a. Numerous differences exist between these two categories of cancer.
b. Genetic risk factors and congenital conditions are more related in childhood cancers.
c. Environmental risks are strongly associated with childhood cancers.
d. Exposure to pesticides is a minor risk for the development of adult cancers.
e. Maternal exposure to carcinogenic substances presents little risk to the fetus.
3. Most childhood cancers originate from the mesodermal germ layer that ultimately produces which of these? (Select all that apply.)
a. Connective tissue
b. Digestive system
c. Muscles
d. Kidneys
e. Blood
4. Which statements are true regarding cancers that develop in children? (Select all that apply.)
a. Childhood cancers tend to be fast growing.
b. Childhood cancers are diagnosed during growth spurts.
c. Childhood cancer generally metastasizes by the time of diagnosis.
d. Childhood cancer is typically at low risk for aggressive metastasis.
e. Childhood cancers respond well to standardized treatment modalities.
5. The healthcare professional is preparing a discussion on cancer and its occurrence among high school students. Which cancers will the professional include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)
a. Colorectal
b. Brain
c. Thyroid
d. Breast
e. Lung
