Site Work Design Development

VARIABLES
A =
B =
D =
f =
H =
N =
E =

1) development of a site interrupts existing (__) & creates add'l (__)
2) define "runoff"
3) what must the arch do to mitigate runoff

1) define "abv ground drainage systems"
2) define "underground drainage systems"

1) define "sheet flow"
2) define "gutters"
3) min. slopes of gutters are req'd to prvd positive drainage, so (__)% is needed to acct for paving roughness & variation in installation tolerances
4) what is the min. % for underground piping systems?

1) define "storm drains"
2) define "drain inlet"

1) define "catch basin"
2) define "large storm sewer"
3) define "holding pond"

1) define "runoff coefficient"
2) the req'd capacity of a drainage system is based on:
3) storms are referred to as an "n-yr storm" where "n" =
4) probability of a 100yr, 25yr, & 10yr storm will occur in a given year is:

UTILITIES
1) examples of services include:
2) what should the arch determine & do before design of bldg begins?

1) what utilities take precedence in planning & why?
2) est.'g elevations of existing public sewer lines is important b/c:
3) "inverts" are what?
4) size & slope of sewer line depends on:

1) what is a sewer line called in & out of bldg?
2) in regard to elevation, a piping connection to main line must be:
3) what is the min slope of bldg sewer?
4) smaller pipes req a greater:

1) 2-1/2" dia pipe must be at what slope?
2) 3"-6" dia must be at what slope?
3) 8"(+) dia must be at what slope?
4) which utilities have more flexibility b/c they don't depend on gravity?
5) what can dictate a transformer's location?

AUTOMOBILE CIRCULATION
1) ^this involves what?
2) traffic should not pass thru (__) to reach drop off
3) what are the 2 types of pkg/drop off layouts?

1) don't layout roads perpendicular to:
2) the max slope of a road at a short distance is:
3) if the slope is greater than 10% what should be done?
4) crossing sidewalks must have a:

MAX DISTANCES
1) one way road
2) two way road
3) entry site road access from public intersection "entry drive"
4) pkg drop off
5) cul-de-sac turnaround

1) define "crown"
2) slope of a crown
3) how high should edge of gutters be?
4) why may an entry drive be located at an intersection?

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION (WALKS)
1) a running slope of a walk is max:
2) the slope for drainage across is max:
3) max slope at buildings is:
4) max slope preferred everywhere else:
5) the absolute max is:
6) walks should prvd:

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION (WALKS)
1) min width of a walk:
2) main walks width should be:
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION (RAMPS)
3) min width is:
4) hand rail requirements are:
5) max length btwn landings:

PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION (RAMPS)
1) max rise btwn landings:
2) min length of landing:
3) max slope of ramp:
4) handrail height abv ramp:
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION (CURB CUT)
5) max slope up to sidewalk:
6) max slope cut into walk against curb:

PED. CIRCULATION (STAIRS AS "RAMP")
1) stair treads slope for drainage:
2) tread depth for 6" risers:
3) riser max & min:
4) handrail max/min height abv stair
5) prvd handrails where?
6) handrails extend bynd top & btm:

1) which 2 automobile circulation paths should be kept separate?
2) parking should be separated from:
3) what determines the parking capacity?
4) size of standard car parking stall:
5) compact car parking stall:

1) which parking org. is best for efficient land use?
2) which is easier to use & forces one-way circulation?
3) which drive aisle is most efficient?
*4) which sqft value allows for a prelim estimate of parking space, & it includes?

1) what determines the # of pkg spaces req'd for the physically disabled?
2) ea. accessible pkg space should be adj:
3) what is the min accessible route width?
4) width of HC pkg space & it's aisle
5) can you ramp up from aisle to accessible route? if so @ what %

1) what is the width of HC van pkg space & it's aisle?
2) can van aisles ramp to accessible route?
3) for drainage in pkg, slope should be btwn:

1) guidelines for landscape installation can be found in:
2) deciduous trees can help how?
3) trees in gen. can help how?
4) which tree is best for reducing wind?
5) what determines effectiveness of trees blocking wind?

1) gen. a row of trees can decrease wind velocity btwn:
2) trees next to a bldg reduce velocity to:
3) velocity reduction decreases when:
4) width of planting strips for trees in paved area vs ground cover like grass:
5) why is an est. existing tree drip line important?

1) what is the "declination angle" *Fig12.11
2) when is day & night of equal time?
3) time of max tilt w/ most solar energy striking Earth?
*sun's position measured w/ 2 angles blw:
4) define "azimuth"

1) define "altitude"
2) a sun chart is also called:
3) solar altitude varies with:
4) solar south is NOT ALWAYS the same as:

1) benefit of passive solar energy systems
2) direct gain systems collect heat thru:
3) what is needed to make direct gain systems effective?
4) what should the U-factor of glass be for passive solar heating?

1) what is different about an indirect gain system?
2) what is the benefit of using both direct/ indirect gain systems together?

1) thermal storage walls are direct gain systems that
2) ex is what type of wall?

1) why are phase change mat's used like eutectic salts, esp in trombe walls?
2) what is the greenhouse design?

1) what is a roof pond?
2) can you use a roof pond in the summer?

1) what is a convective loop system or thermosiphon?
2) what are the 3 components to have w/ an active solar energy system?

1) flat-plate collectors consist of a network of pipes located on
2) focusing collectors are

1) storage devices consist of
2) distribution components are same as
3) what is an open-loop water heading system w/ solar energy
4) what's a closed-loop system
5) solar energy can be used for absorptive cooling if:

1) an extremely sus. method of generating elec. from renewable & free source is:
2) what are the pros & cons ^

1) how are ground-source heat pumps used?
2) ^ what increases heat from the ground
3) what are GSHP's used for?
4) how much piping is req'd for 12,000BTU/hr to heat/cool

1) GSHP's reduce energy consumption of heating/cooling by
2) what bldg type is a GSHP most useful for
3) what is photovoltaics

1) advantages of PV's
2) disadvantages

1a-c) 3 types of PV cells
2) PV array angle tilt deg to max energy generation is:
3) angle tilt to max production in winter is:

PASSIVE DESIGN METHODS
1) optimal bldg orientation per climatic region for a rectangular footprint
2) where should a bldg entrance go based on climate:

1) bldg's w/ smaller surface area (cube ex) use less:
2) in which climate does this ^ work best?
3) what is an external-load dominated bldg

1) what is an internal-load dominated bldg
2) does bldg shape effect energy efficiency more in int/ext load dom. bldg's
*Fig12.18 (shapes blw)
3) best shape of bldg for cold climates:
4) temperate climates:

1) hot-arid climates:
2) hot-humid climates:
3) shading devices that work best for South facades vs E/W vs SE & SW

1) a basic passive energy conservation strategy is to do what to a bldg?
2) before insulation is selected:
3) Ex, Int. Resi code lists thermal component criteria for bldg envelope, roof, flr, slabs, etc based on:
4) to be effective, most insulation must be installed with:

1) insulations containing what shouldn't be used
2) what is "superinsulation"
3) what is "transparent insulation"

1) what is "movable insulation"
2) much energy is lost from infiltration & exfiltration (air leakage) b/c of:

1) describe how the "stack effect" works
2) air entering via infiltration rather than the ventilation system must still be:
3) what % of heating/cooling energy used is lost due to infiltration?

1) exfiltration causes what to be lost from w/in the bldg?
2) infiltration carries what into the bldg?
3) what is an "air barrier"
4) what is a "vapor-impermeable barrier"
5) water vapor carried by air infiltration is how much > diffusion thru mat.'s?

1) what is "permeance"
2) the unit of "perm" is =
3) if an air barrier is vapor permeable, it's permeance rating is:

Per standard 90.1, commercial bldgs:
1) individual air barrier mat. can't exceed:
2) air barrier assemblies can't exceed:
3) whole-bldg air barriers can't exceed:
4) although location of air barrier w/in bldg isn't important for effectiveness, for ease of installation it's typ placed:

1) what are the advg's of "earth sheltering"
2) what are the 3 types of earth shelters?

1) soil used for earth shelters should be:
2) why is clay not to be used?
3) the site should be tested for:
4) what should be considered about ground water?
5) what needs extra attn in const.?
6) why would a natural slope to the land be helpful?

1) why does insulation still need to be done for earth shelter designs?
2) adequate ventilation is needed to:

ADVANTAGES OF GREEN ROOFS
1) conserving energy by reducing cooling/ heating loads
2) reducing storm runoff
3) absorbing carbon dioxide
4) reducing ambient air temperature
5) filtering air & binding dust particles

1) what is an intensive green roof?
2) what is an extensive green roof?
3) what is typ used w/ both types?
4) a green roof must be constructed over a:
*Fig12.20

CONST. GREEN ROOF ON CONC DECK
1) WPM placed over struct deck like PVC, EPDM, TPO, bituminous membrane
2) then if needed, a root barrier
3) then rigid insulation to prevent heat loss from water absorption of bldg int. & prvd's thermal insulation

CONST. GREEN ROOF ON MTL DECK
1) thermal barrier over mtl deck to prevent heat transfer like 1/2" gyp sheathing
2) then rigid insulation like extruded polystyrene (XPS)
3) then a WPM (same type as conc deck)

1) what is a green roof "flood test"
2) what is an "electric field vector mapping" (EFVM) test
3) a drip irrigation system is better than a spray one b/c:
4) a green roof can contribute to:

1) what is a "cool roof" aka "reflective roofing"
2) a roof must have a min reflectivity of what when new & at 3 yrs age?
3) cool roofs are best in climates where:
4) do internal or external-load dominated bldgs in cool climates benefit more?

1) cool roof can help a bldg earn a LEED credit for:
2) air locks or vestibule entry systems are desirable when?
3) how is float glass affected by the sun?
4) a single pane of glass has a U-value of:

1) what is the "solar heat gain coefficient" (SHGC)
2) ^values are btwn 0-1 which means:
3) what is the "shading coefficient" (SC - also uses values 0-1)

1) what is the ideal glass in % of admitting daylight but % of blocking infrared rays
2) what is insulating glass?
3) typ U-value for 2 pane insulated glass:
4) how does heat loss still occur?
5) how is some desired solar heat gain admitted thru the glass lost by radiation?

1) why is some insulating glass mfr'd using an inert gas fill than a vacuum?
2) which two gases are common?
3) in a double glazed unit w/ argon, the U-value is:
4) what should be considered w/ gases over time for long-term energy calcs?

1) downside of reducing solar heat gain w/ tinted, reflective, heat-absorbing glass is:
2) half the incident solar radiation on glass is in what 2 spectrums?

1) what is "low-e" or "low-emissivity" glass?
2) how does the low-e film prevent heat loss of objects in room emitting longwave radiation?
3) when a double-glazed unit is used w/ low-e & argon in 1/4" space, the U-value is:

1) what is "spectrally selective glazing"
2) ^ when used w/ low-e the SHGC can be
3) ^ this is good to use for bldgs in what context
4) why are "super wndws" good for winter?

1) what are "switchable glazings"
2) what is "electrochromic glazing"

3) what is "photochromic glazing"
4) what is thermochromic glazing"
5) what is "transition-metal hydride electrochromics"

1) double envelope systems typ have 2 glazed layers separated by 2-3ft to:
2) what do double envelope systems use for sun control?
3) what is a "dynamic buffer zone system?"

1) disadvantage of double envelopes
2) advantages of double envelopes
3) the "daylight factor" (DF) is the ratio of:

1) what 2 things are needed for daylighting
2) DF for ordinary visual tasks, difficult, & when does heat gain/loss & glare become issues?
*If h=height from flr to T.O. wndw:
3) what is the effective daylighting depth?
4) daylighting depth w/ a light shelf?

1) what is the "effective aperture" (EA)
2) what is "visible light transmittance" (VLT)
3) what is "window-to-wall ratio" (WWR)
4) what is a good EA for daylighting?
5) what type of wndw gives best uniform light distribution?

1) large, high wndws on south side can cause glare & heat gain, what can help mitigate this?
2) what should a light shelf be made of?
3) what are light shelves good at doing?

1) what type of glass is desirable to ctrl heat thru convection?
2) & to ctrl heat gain thru sun's radiation?
3) to ctrl glare, glass with what is needed?
4) what type of shading is more effective on a wndw at blocking solar heat gain?

1) for effective daylighting w/ "room design" what min % of reflective surfaces should be used & where
2) a great tool for implementing top lighting in a bldg is:

1) the most effective method to ctrl site noise is by using a:
2) why don't sound barriers stop 100% of noise?
3) the effectiveness of a solid barrier depends on:

1) what is the maekawa equation?
^calculates a point source noise

f=frequency in hertz
d=distance in feet
A+B=length in feet of shortest path around barrier

1) if the critical factor of calc'g a pt noise is not the actual height of the barrier, it's the:
2) for linear noise sources, noise reduction is how much less than that calc'd by equation?

DESIGNING OUTDOOR SOUND BARRIERS
1) solid barriers are better at blocking high-frequency sounds than low
2) barrier best placed as close as possible to either source or receiver
3) if barrier by noise source, needs to be 4x height of distance from source to barrier

OTHER WAYS TO CTRL SITE NOISE
1) maximize distance btwn noise source & receiver - pt source sound decreases 6dB per 2x distance & 3dB for linear -10dB needed to be perceived 1/2 loud
2) avoid hard surfaces near noise source
3) avoid parallel hard surfaces, rather angles these from one another
4) design bldg's mass to block noise like w/ solid walls/ courtyards

1) "perimeter protection" is 1st line of defense on a site to prevent:
2) what vehicles must be kept at a "standoff distance" what is used:
3) what must be performed if standoff distances is needed b/c of threat of explosions?

1) access & parking can be ctrl'd thru:
2) a great way to maximize on-site security w/ low visual impact is thru:

1) why might HVAC equip need to be separated from bldg access or protected?
2) what are the 4 levels to consider for site security design?

**see definitions pg12-36 end of chapter