Multiple sites along DNA where replication begins

When the two DNA strands split apart with the help of Helicase, a two-pronged form that resembles a fork is created and is known as the replication fork.

When helicase opens up the DNA molecule somewhere in the middle, a bubble containing two replication forks is formed in the DNA, one on each side of the bubble and these are known as replication bubbles.

In order to eliminate this coiling stress, topoisomerase, moves along the DNA, just ahead of the helicase, cutting the DNA and relaxing the coils.

The SSBs help prevent the two template parent DNA strands from re-establishing hydrogen bonds and protect the exposed bases until they are ready to bond with their complementary nucleotides.

DNA polymerase I is active mostly near the end of DNA replication, where it removes the RNA primer.

DNA polymerase III is responsible for joining the nucleotides together and checking for errors.

dNTP’s are the nucleotides adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine with two extra end phosphate groups on each nucleotide that form dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP respectively that provide energy required for the formation of DNA.

Helps to form RNA primer

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A starting sequence of nucleotides for DNA polymerase III to attach to formed from RNA with the help of primase

DNA polymerase III continuously adds nucleotides, starting from the initial RNA primer in a 5’ to 3’ direction

The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short fragments in the opposite direction to the leading strand (that is, away from the fork) with the use of many RNA primers and the formation of Okazaki fragments and DNA ligase

DNA fragments about 100 nucleotides long that are formed on the lagging strand between RNA primers. All Okazaki fragments are eventually joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase.

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Adjacent Okazaki fragments are joined together using the enzyme called DNA ligase.

Adjacent Okazaki fragments are joined together using the enzyme called DNA ligase

DNA polymerase III is responsible for joining the nucleotides together and checking for errors

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Telomeres are found at the end of DNA where primers are removed after DNA replication. In humans the sequence is TTAGGG

The enzyme that helps to form telomeres at the end of DNA molecules after the RNA primers have been removed.