Neuroimaging used for diagnosis of vascular pathologies.
Computed tomography
Positron emission tomography
Cerebral angiography
MRI
Neuroimaging that measures tissue responses to an applied magnetic field and to radiofrequency waves.
Neuroimaging that is not sensitive to motion and is used to identify hemorrhages, trauma, and hydrocephalus.
A neuroimaging technique that is used primarily for research and measures the brain when it is doing an activity.
fMRI
positron emission tomography
cerebral angiography
This type of neuroimaging is used to detect diseases of the white matter.
Diffusion tensor imaging
This type of neuroimaging is similar to a cerebral angiography.
Magnetic Angiography/Venography
Event Related Potentials
EEG
This type of neuroimaging detects and records emissions of tagged isotopes.
Magnetic angiography/venography
Radionuclide-Based Imaging
This type of neuroimaging measures glucose and oxygen levels and detects abnormal brain tissue.
EKG
This type of neuroimaging measures brain activity and is the preferred tool for seizures.
Electromyography
Event-related potentials
Neuroimaging that measures muscle electrical activity.
This type of neuroimaging examines specific sensory stimulations (auditory, visual, somatosensory).
Which answer describes brain interconnectivity?
There is an interactivity in the brain through association fibers, commissural fibers, and projection fibers.
The brain is connected by the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater.
The CNS is central to everything in the body.
Homunculus.
Which answer describes centrality of the CNS?
Afferent and efferent fibers carry information to/from the brain.
Decussation is responsible for contralateral control.
The brain and spinal cord controls integration, analysis, and synthesis of outgoing/incoming information.
Which answers describes hierarchic organization?
Levels of controls: lowest is spinal cord, middle is brainstem and diencephalon, highest is cerebral cortex.
Levels of controls: lowest is brainstem and diencephalon, middle is spinal cord, highest is cerebral cortex.
Levels of controls: lowest is medulla, middle is pons, and highest is midbrain.
Levels of controls: lowest is cerebral cortex, middle is limbic lobe, highest is brainstem.
Which answer describes laterality organization?
There is unilateral anatomic symmetry and unilateral functional differences.
There is bilateral anatomic symmetry and unilateral functional differences.
There is bilateral anatomic symmetry and bilateral functional differences.
Functionally similar aspects of the brain are located together.
The idea that functionally similar things are located together is described by...
Functional networking.
Lateral symmetry.
Topographical organization
Brain interconnectivity.
________ is most associated with homunculus.
Plasticity in the brain.
Topographical organization.
Decussation.
_______ is the brain's ability to change, reorganize and form new connections.
Homunculus
Decussation
Interconnectivity
Plasticity
A culturally neutral brain is...
impartial to gender, color, or cultural variations.
generally not going to develop with racist beliefs.
never going to adapt to a culture.
does not like Culture Club.
Rostral means...
Back
Front
Top
Bottom
Caudal means...
Dorsal means...
Ventral means...
Upper motor neurons are nerve cells in the motor cortex that synapse with cranial and spinal nerves.
Lower motor neurons transmit information to parts of the body.
What is this structure?
The telencephalon consists of the...
brain and spinal cord
hypothalamus and thalamus
cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system
cerebral cortex, limbic system, brainstem
The white matter is made up of .
Gray matter is composed of .
The separates the left and right hemispheres.
The lateral fissure separates the lobe from the lobe.
The central sulcus separates the from the .
The is responsible for contralateral sensorimotor organization, while the is responsible for skilled movement.
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for , , and .
The anterior language cortex contains .
Difficulties with planning, problem solving, thinking, reasoning, and executive functions may indicate damage in the .
Personality disorders, emotional disintegration, and impulsive social behaviors ("pseudopsychopathic") indicates damage to the region.
Damage to Broca's area results in aphasia.
The superior parietal lobule is responsible for and .
The inferior parietal lobule is responsible for , , and .
Damage to Wernicke's area results in aphasia.
Someone with tactile agnosia cannot , while someone with tactile astereognosis can feel but cannot .
Damage to the parietal lobe that leads to lack of knowing about deficits is known as .
The failure to respond to people, sounds and objects to the left of midline is known as .
The temporal lobe is responsible for , , , , and .
The is in the primary auditory cortex.
The is responsible for memory.
The primary visual cortex is responsible for .
The secondary visual cortex is responsible for .
Damage to the occipito-temporal region results in , , and .
Damage to the medial prefrontal lobe results in severe .
Damage to the medial occipital lobe results in .
The little gyri inside the brain are known as the .
The connects with the brainstem and diencephalon to regulate emotional drives, memory consolidation, and values/decisions about perception.
The gyrus surrounding the corpus callosum is known as the .
The basal ganglia work in conjunction with the to .
Damage to the basal ganglia can result in inappropriate .
The diencephalon contains the and .
The is above the hypothalamus and is responsible for transmitting information to the cortex.
The controls the and regulates body temperature, food and water intake, drives, and emotions.
The structures of the brainstem are the , , and .
The brainstem contains and and centers. It contains ascending tracts and descending tracts.
The system regulates arousal and consciousness.
Another name for the midbrain is the .
The midbrain consists of the and the . In the , superior colliculi are responsible for , while inferior colliculi are responsible for .
The pons contains all motor fibers and sensory fibers. Bilateral damage results in
The contains descending motor tracts, ascending sensory tracts, and the reticular formation, which contains the center, center, and center.
The is the link between the brain and the body.
The spinal cord exits the skull through the .
The modifies tone, speed, and range of muscle movement. It is responsible for the maintenance of .
Damage to the cerebellum results in , , and impaired .
There are cervical spinal nerves, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal.
contains all the spinal nerves, while contains ascending and descending fibers. The horn is sensory, while the horn is motor.
The dorsal and ventral are the beginning of the spinal nerves.
Damage to ramus or spinal nerve results in loss of movement and sensation involving the corresponding (sensory innervation) or (motor innervation).
A spinal lesion above C3 results in paralysis of .
A spinal lesion between C4 and T12 results in paralysis of all except the .
There are two ventricles and one and one ventricle.
The ventricles are responsible for and , protection of CNS during head movements, and homeostasis of .
is a CSF circulation disorder that results in and pressure. In kids, this is known as
fibers can be found in the radiata and internal .
Damage to the projection fibers results in (weakness) and (loss of sensation).
Association fibers can be found in the . This structure connects the lobe to the occipital and temporal lobes.
Commissural fibers can be found in the and . This structure allows each hemisphere to access memory, experiences, and learning abilities.
The outermost meningeal layer is the . This has both an and a potential space.
The middle meningeal layer is the . This contains in the space.
The innermost meningeal layer is the . This has potential space.
Inflammation of the meninges results in a medical emergency called .
The vertically partitions cranial cavity between the two hemispheres.
The autonomic nervous system is a system. Its central control is the .
The autonomic nervous system contains the system which organs and the system which organs.
CN I is the...
CN II is the
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