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What are the four chambers of the heart
Septum
this ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in your heart
tricuspid valve
pulmonary valve
mitral valve
aortic valve
After flowing through the body, blood enters the heart at the
From the right atrium, it passes through the______________ valve and into the right ventricle.
When the right ventricle contracts, it ejects the blood out of the heart through the an--_________ into the pulmonary artery to the lungs
After passing through the lungs, removing CO2 and picking up oxygen (O2), the blood returns through the _____ ____ to the _____ _____
from the left atrium the blood enters the _____ ______through the left atrioventricular valve.
When the left ventricle contracts, blood is ejected through the _____ ______into the aorta and out to the body
Systemic circulation
Oxygenated blood from the lungs leaves
the aorta distributes blood to
venules
blood is then re-oxygenated through
pulmonary circulation
Oxygen-depleted blood from the body leaves the _____ _____ through the pulmonary arteries
pulmonary arteries
where do red blood cells release carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen during respiration
oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through the
from the pulmonary veins
return it to _____ ____ which completes the pulmonary cycle
Arteries
stressed volume
arteries are _____ ______ and are under ____ _____
Arterioles
site of highest resistance in the cardiovascular system
have a smooth muscle wall that is extensively innervated by autonomic nerve fibers
Alpha1-Adrenergic receptors are found on the arterioles of the
Beta2-Adrenergic receptors are found on arterioles of
Capillaries
-are the site of exchange of nutrients, water and gases in the blood
Venules
Veins
The largest vein returns blood to the heart.
contain the highest proportion of the blood in the cardiovascular system
unstressed volume.
veins have what kind of receptors
Velocity
blood flows from high pressure to low pressure T or F
-Blood flow is inversely proportional to the resistance of the blood vessels.
True or False
Changes in the capacitance of the veins produce changes in unstressed volume
Capacitance
Capacitance is inversely related to elastance. The greater the amount of elastic tissue in a blood vessel, the higher the elastance, and the lower the compliance
pressure is highest in the aorta and large arteries and lowest in the vena cavae.
largest decrease in pressure occurs across the arterioles because they are the site of highest resistance.
Blood pressure
highest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle.
Systolic pressure
Diastolic pressure
lowest arterial pressure during a cardiac cycle.
Pulse pressure
The most important determinant of pulse pressure
Decreases in capacitance, such those that occur with the aging process, cause increases in pulse pressure.
The veins have a high capacitance and therefore, can hold large volumes of blood at low pressure.
True or False
atrial pressure is lower than venous pressure
Hypertension is caused by
Hypertension
leads to either
what can increase cardiac output or total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR
Secondary hypertension
Secondary hypertension
occurs in what diseases and disorders
. Cushing's syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism
Symptoms
of hypertension
Drugs to treat High Blood Pressure
Drugs to treat High Blood Pressure
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Drugs to treat High Blood Pressure
calcium channel blockers
Diuretics,Drugs to treat High Blood Pressure
Angiotensin || receptor blockers (ARBs
Drugs to treat High Blood Pressure
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Drugs to treat High Blood Pressure
p wave
pr interval
an av conduction block occurs when the P-R interval is longer than
QRS complex
Ectopic foci
If the QRS complex is prolonged (> 0.1 sec), conduction is impaired within the ventricles True or False
ST segment
Which segment is important
in the diagnosis of ventricular ischemia or hypoxia
because under those conditions,
the ST segment can become
either depressed or elevated.
represents ventricular repolarization and is longer in duration than depolarization
U waves
QT interval
represents
tachyarrhythmias have prolonged ________ intervals
