What time of year, seeding rate, and depth should Arrowleaf clover be planted?
Autumn
5-10 lbs/acre
0-1/2 inches
1-3 inches
90-120 lbs/acre
E33arly Spring
What time of year, seeding rate, and depth should Bermuda-grass Sprigs be planted at?
Early Spring
20 or more bushels/acre
15-20 lbs/acre
1/4-1/2 inches
What time of year, seeding rate, and depth should Crimson clover be planted at?
20-30 lbs/acre
1/4 - 1/2 inches
1-2 inches
What time of year, seeding rate, and depth should Oats, Rye, and Wheat be planted?
20-30 lbs/ acre
What time of year, seeding rate, and depth should Tall Fescue be planted?
Early Spring in zones C and D
What time of year, seeding rate, and depth should Ryegrass be planted at?
What is the definition of Germination (Germ)?
The % of seed that is capable of producing healthy plants when placed in a suitable environment
The % of seed that is of the variety and species
The % of seed that is of some other crop seed
The % of seed that is of weed species
(purity) is the % of seed that is of the variety and species of the label.
What is the % of seed that is of some other crop seed?
Other crop seed
Pure seed
Weed seed
Germination
What is Weed Seed?
% of seed that is ofweed species
% of seed that is of the variety and species on the label
% of seed that is of some other crop seed
% of seed that is viable
is the % of sticks, stems, broken seed, sand, or other such material mixed with the seed.
What is the % of seed that is viable but that will not germinate immediately due to a hard or waxy coat?
Hard seed
The the initial variability of seed, the variability is likely to be after storage.
What is the optimum moisture percentage for long-term storage?
13%
6-8%
10%
3%
Even with optimum storage conditions, viability will as length of storage increases.
Check all that apply to Arrowleaf Clover.
Late season winter annual
Pasture/hay
Tolerant of soil acidity
Not tolerant of soil acidity and low fertility
Not adapted to wet areas
Adapted to wet areas
Does not respond to phosphorous and potassium
Apache and Yuchi are varieties of clover.
Check all that apply to Crimson Clover.
2-3 feet in height
Not tolerant of soil acidity
Pasture/hay/green manure/beautification
Produces more forage at lower temps. compared to other clovers
Hay use only
Dixie, Tibbee, Chief, and AU Robin are examples of clover.
Check all Cool Season Annual Legumes.
Ball clover
Rose clover
Bahiagrass
Pearl Millet
Hop clover
Vetch
What are the 3 major nutrients?
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Potassium
Calcium
Zinc
Boron
Where can Nitrogen come from?
Breakdown of soil organic matter, plant and animal residue
Manufactured nitrogen fertilizer
Legumes
Leaching
Volitilization
Denitrification
How can Nitrogen be lost?
Fertilizer
Through soil organic matter, plant and animal residue
helps plants manufacture food by using as a source of energy.
Which nutrient id needed by plants in relatively large amounts?
What are the 3 secondary nutrients?
Magnesium
Sulfur
Iron
Soil should meet Calcium requirements.
What are the micro-nutrients?
Mn
Fe
Cu
Mo
Cl
Zn
Ni
B
Mg
Ca
Complete fertilizers contain ,,and .
What is the most common livestock manure used in the southeast?
Broiler litter
Cow manure
Horse manure
Hog manure
Which pH is neutral?
7.0
7.8
3.5
5.4
If the soil pH is below 7.0 what is it?
Acidic
Basic
If the soil pH is above 7.0 what is it?
What pH do most forage crops do well with?
5.8-6.5
3.2-5.2
4.5-5.5
6.6-7.8
Most soils in the south tend to be more .
If lime is applied what happens to the soil pH?
Lowers
Raises
Stays the same
Liming has no effect on the soil pH
Cultivated fields should have lime...
Tilled into plow layer
Surface application
Surface application of lime is ok with what type of field?
Perennial sod
Cultivated field
Check all that apply for Non-intensive grazing.
Recycled in pasture greatly affected by grazing mgmt
30% of forage used
75% of forage used
95% of forage used
High traffic areas
Distribution of nutrients recycled more uniform
What are some examples of high traffic areas?
Water trough
Mineral matter
Hay/feed area
Holding area/gates
Shaded areas
Check all that apply to High stocking rates/ rotational grazing.
What type of grazing has a 95% of forage used rate?
Mob grazing
Rotational grazing
Constant grazing
If spring crops are planted to late what can happen?
Excessive weed competition
Drought in seedlings
Cold damage
Cold damage is the result if a spring crop is planted to .
What happens if a fall crop is planted to late?
Winter-kill
Heat stress
Weed competition
is the result if a fall crop is planted to early.
What is the ideal seeding technique for alfalfas and clovers?
Cultipacker seeder
Grain drill
What is the ideal seeding technique for small grains and vetch?
please a big role in proper time to plant.
Time of planting depends on .
What is recommended for highly acidic fields?
Apply 1/2 of recommended lime several months in advance
Till the lime in
Apply the remainder
Amount of Source X Nutrient Content =
How much Nitrogen should be applied near planting time?
20-30 units
40-50 units
10-20 units
5-15 units
What nutrients are good for young root development?
Robust roots are essential to what?
Yield potential
Stand longevity
Soil fertility
Soil acidity
Soil pH
must be purchased with non-inoculant legume seed.
What are some seed considerations that must be considered?
Use good quality seed
Check variety tests to find appropriate variety
Purchase inoculant with non-inoculant legume seed
Use appropriate seeding rate
Seeding rate can vary based on...
Seed quality
Seedbed preparation
Method of planting
Time of year
How much weed seed is mixed
Age, and germination rate are examples of what?
If I am using a drill to plant seed what can I do?
Go 20% lower than guidelines
Apply higher amounts than guidelines
Lower amounts than guidelines
If I am applying seed by Aerial what is recommended?
Use higher amounts than guidelines
Use lower amounts than guidelines
Follow the guidelines strictly
When using seed mixtures use to as much seed of each species vs. what used with single species planting.
When planting mixtures should be taken into account.
The final seedbed should be especially for alfalfas and clovers.
When evaluating a seedbed sole prints should not be than the sole of your shoe.
Seeds with extremely seeding rates may need to be mixed with sand/inert material to get correct seeding rate with equipment.
The seed should not be planted deeper than?
8 times the thickness of the seed
5 times the thickness of the seed
8 times the height of the seed
5 times the height of the seed
are thick underground horizontal stems that produces roots.
are horizontal stems above ground that put down roots.
When should you apply fertilizer?
Just prior to final seedbed preparation
After the final seedbed preparation
Once the field in tilled
After planting
When can herbicides be applied?
Before planting
At planting
After emergence of forage
There are sprigs in a bushel of sprigs.
How many sprigs should be used for Perennial Peanuts per acre?
80-120
20-30
50-60
150-170
PLS = ( X Rate) /
Planting Rate = ( / ) X
oz = 1 lb.
ft^2 = 1 acre
Total germination and Hard seed is the total % of seed, obtained by adding together the and the .
What is the weight of Rye per bushel?
56 lbs
60 lbs
32 lbs
24 lbs
Arrowleaf and Crimson clover have a bushel weight of?
54 lbs
25 lbs
Wheat has a bushel weight of?
34 lbs
19 lbs
70 lbs
Oats bushel weight is?
44 lbs
65 lbs
Annual Ryegrass has a bushel weight of?
42 lbs
76 lbs
13 lbs
Tall Fescue has a bushel weight of?
52 lbs
16 lbs
Seed can vary by?
Size
Weight
Shape
help speed up the drying process.
The cutter bar sits on the ground and picks up the grass and pushes it through the conditioner. What form of equipment is described?
V rake
Mower/conditioner
Fluffer/tetter
Baler
The faster the moisture point is reached the less there will be.
A roll bar rake is primarily used on what type of forage?
Alfalfa
Berumudagrass
Clover
The Bermudagrass stem Maggot first appeared in North America what year?
2010
1999
1956
2014
All varieties of bermudagrass as subject to .