Piliavin et al. (1969)

aims

research method

research design

IVs

where did the study take place?

levels of the behaviour of the model

areas in the train car

where was the victim placed?

sample

mean number of passengers present per trial

racial makeup of the passengers

what did observer 1 record?

what did observer 2 record?

victim's appearance

procedure: victim's collapse

number of trials conducted per day

why was this particular route chosen?

how long was the journey?

total number of trials for the drunk condition

total number of trials for the cane condition

model's appearance

how did the model help?

levels of 'model behaviour'

qualitative data

number of trials in which the drunk victim received help

number of trials in which the cane victim received help

results for spontaneous helping

results for race of victime

results for effect of modelling

results for the size of groups of bystanders
(diffusion of responsibility theory)

what is diffusion of responsibility?

cost-benefit model

results for comments

DV

% of trials in which help was given:
model trials

% of trilas in which help was given:
no model trials