Counselling Theory and Practice : Part One

1936

1856

1902

1858

Abraham Maslow

Sigmund Freud

Thomas John Barnardo

Carl Rogers

Understanding of the human psyche requires intensive long term training of the Analyst

Providing sufficient and necessary conditions to change.

Understanding of the human anatomy does not require long term training, but an intensive analysis of humanistic approaches is.

Understanding of the human psyche, is not a task that requires intensive study, but rather an intensive study of the prefrontal cortex.

'First Force'

'Second Force'

'Third Force'

'Fourth Force'

Contact with the outside world.

Well below surface of awareness: difficult to retrieve.

Primary process thinking.

Material just beneath the surface of awareness.

Ego, ethics and morals

Morality, ethical values and good intentions

selfishness, superego and lust

Morality, ethical disregard and unjust intentions

Non-Directive Reflective Approach

Directive Reflective Approach

Directive Non-Reflective Approach

Non Directive Non Reflective Approach

The executive part of the personality

The judicial part of the personality

The seat of the instincts, needs and wants

Conflict between ego and sexual drive

Pleasure principle

Moral Principle

Reality principle

Behaviour principle

Pleasure Principle

Moral Principle

Reality Principle

Behaviour Principle

Moral Principal

Pleasure Principal

Behaviour Principal

Reality Principal

Innate human urges

Creative energies

Destructive energies

Human driving force

Rational reality awareness.

Habits, denial, habitual repetitive patterns we are semi-aware of.

Dreams of symbolic representations of unconscious needs.

Repressed material.

Rational reality awareness.

Dreams of symbolic representations of needs, inner conflicts and unfulfilled wishes.

Repressed material.

Habits, denial, habitual repetitive patterns we are semi-aware of

Reaction to real threats from the the external environment.

Arising from the potential violation of the individual conscience.

Generated when instinctual urges (ID) threaten to surface levels of consciousness and pose a danger to Ego integrity.

Habits, denial and habitual repetitive patterns.