Grace Hernandez-Jackson
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Theories of Cognitive Development

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Chapter 6: Infant Studies

Chapter 6: Infant Studies

Frage 1 von 32

1

Assimilation, taking in info that is compatible with what one already knows, is acoordining to which theorist?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Chandler Bing

  • Jean Piaget

  • Erik Erikson

  • Sigmund Freud

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Frage 2 von 32

1

What is accommodation (according to Piaget)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The process by which children recognize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage

  • Changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge

  • Taking in info that is compatible with what one already knows

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Frage 3 von 32

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What is equilibration (according to Piaget)?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Taking info that is compatible with what one already knows

  • Changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge

  • The process by which children reorganize their schemes and, in the process, move to the next developmental stage

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Frage 4 von 32

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Sensorimotor, the ( first, second, third, fourth ) of Piaget's four stages of development, lasts from birth to about 2 years, in which infants progress from responding reflexively to using symbols.

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Frage 5 von 32

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Preoperational is defined as what?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Young children are able to think about things symbolically

  • Distinguishing and mastering individual motions

  • The theory that Rachel and Ross were on a break

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Frage 6 von 32

1

What is concrete operational?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The opposite of preoperational

  • The tendency to focus on one salient aspects of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects

  • Something characterized by the emergence of logical operations such as conservation, reversibility or classification, allowing logical reasoning

  • Operational that is concrete

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Frage 7 von 32

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The formal operational stage is characterized by what?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The emergence of logical thinking processes, particularly the ability to understand theories and abstract ideas and predict possible outcomes of hypothetical problems

  • Not using your frontal lobe to make decisions properly

  • Difficulty in seeing the world from another's POV

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Frage 8 von 32

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is the difficulty in seeing the world from another's perspective, typical of children in piaget's preoperational stage

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Frage 9 von 32

1

What is the phenomenon in which preschool children attribute life and lifelike properties to inanimate objects?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Egocentrism

  • Animism

  • Marcel, Ross' monkey

  • Centration

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Frage 10 von 32

1

What is centration?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Distinguishing and mastering individual motions

  • Young children are able to think about things symbolically

  • Difficulty in seeing the world from another's point of view; typical of children in Piaget's preoperational stage

  • The tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects

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Frage 11 von 32

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Object is the understanding, acquired in infancy, that objects exist independently of oneself.

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Frage 12 von 32

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Constructivism is the view associated with ( Piaget, Erikson, Freud, Watson ) that children are active participants in their own development who systematically construct ever-more-sophisticated understanding of their worlds.

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Frage 13 von 32

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The sociocultural perspective is the view that children's cognitive development can only be understood by considering the cultural contexts in which they develop. Which theorist is associated with this?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Ross Geller

  • B.F Skinner

  • Lev Vygotsky

  • Ivan Pavlov

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Frage 14 von 32

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According to Vygotsky, mutual, shared understanding among people who are participating in an activity together is called what?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Intersubjectivity

  • Guided participation

  • Sociocultural perspective

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Frage 15 von 32

1

Structured interactions between a child and another more knowledgeable person are thought to promote cognitive growth. This is called guided participation and is thought to be by Piaget.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 16 von 32

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The ( zone, theory ) of proximal development is the difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone. Like putting a bed sheet on the bed (not really).

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Frage 17 von 32

1

Brain break: How many times did Ross Geller get married?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 2

  • 3

  • 4

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Frage 18 von 32

1

What is scaffolding?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • A view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software

  • Subvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself

  • The process that enables a child or novice to solve a problem, carry out a task, or achieve a goal that would be beyond his unassisted efforts.

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Frage 19 von 32

1

Private speech is speech spoken to oneself for what? Of these options, how many apply?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Communication

  • Self-guidance

  • Self-regulation

  • "Little Harmonica"

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Frage 20 von 32

1

What is inner speech?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Subvocalized speech directed and adapted to oneself

  • Speech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behavior

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Frage 21 von 32

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Information-processing ( theory, disorder, perspective, process ) is the view that human connection consists of mental hardware and mental software

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Frage 22 von 32

1

What is the component of the information-processing system analogous to a computer's operating system that coordinates the activities of the system called?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Inhibitory processes

  • Scaffolding

  • Central executive

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Frage 23 von 32

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Inhibitory ( processes, theory, perspective, system ) are cognitive processes that relate to the control of thought, conduct, and emotions during goal-directed behavior.

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Frage 24 von 32

1

What is executive functioning?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Cognitive activities that require virtually no effort

  • The difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone

  • A mechanism of growth that includes inhibitory processes, planning, and cognitive flexibility

  • A view that human cognition consists of mental hardware and mental software

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Frage 25 von 32

1

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Core-knowledge ( theories, hypothesis, processes ) are the view that infants are born with a rudimentary knowledge of the world that is elaborated based on children's experiences.

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Frage 26 von 32

1

What are automatic processes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • When Phoebe got pregnant for her brother,

  • Cognitive processes are cognitive activities that require virtually no effort

  • The size of ongoing cognitive activity

  • Limitless, permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world

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Frage 27 von 32

1

What is it called when there is the belief that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose that is applied to children's naive theories of living things?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Automatic processes

  • A theory of mind

  • Theological explanations

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Frage 28 von 32

1

What is essentialism?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • When children believe that all living things have an essence that can't be seen but gives a living thing its identity

  • When Ross and Phoebe kissed (was that a fever dream???)

  • The size of ongoing cognitive activity

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Frage 29 von 32

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The theory of mind is a naive understanding of the relations between mind and behavior – between ages of ( 2 and 5, 7 and 9, 12 and 15 )

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Frage 30 von 32

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( Sensory, Working, Long-term ) memory is where info is held, no longer than a few seconds, briefly in a raw, unanalyzed form

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Frage 31 von 32

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( Working, Sensory, Long-term ) memory is the size of ongoing cognitive activity

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Frage 32 von 32

1

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( Sensory, Long-term, Working ) memory is limitless. permanent storehouse of knowledge of the world.

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