Patient with 1.8 mmol/l Calcium and 25 g/l albumin What is the adjusted calcium level:
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
Hypercalcemic crisis occurs above which minimum level of ionised calcium in mmol/L
1.5
2.0
3.0
3.5
If Calcium is low, with no renal disease, and PTH is also low - what are the most likely possibilities;
Vitamin D deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
Idiopathic hyperparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism
Magnesium deficiency, post-thyroidal surgery
Vitamin D deficiency, pseudohypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency, Magnesium deficiency
If Calcium is low, with no renal disease, and PTH is high - what are the most likely possibilities
The most common cause of hypercalcemia is/are;
Hyperparathyroidism and malignancy
Hyperparathyroidism and renal disease
Inappropriate dosage of vitamin D
Calcium therapy
Granulomatous disease
Which of the following actions are parathyroid hormone occurs via vitamin eD3?
Bone resorption of Ca
Bone mineralisation of Ca
Increased Intestinal absorption of Ca
Increased renal reabsorption of Ca
Decreased renal reabsorption of Ca
Patient with 2.5 mmol/l Calcium and 30 g/l albumin What is the adjusted calcium level:
3.7
Lowest Value for hypercalcemic crisis (physiological adult)
Which of the following is NOT correct:
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism occurs because:
The parathyroids become unresponsive to calcium levels
Renal disease for long periods with low calcium leads to lack of parathyroid response to calcium levels
parathyroid glands which are continually secreting PTH for a long period of time eventually do not respond to negative feedback from calcium
Peripheral tissues which are continually subjected to high concentrations of PTH eventually do not respond to PTH
The parathyroid glands become autonomic
Signs and symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome includ
Obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
Anorexia, hypotension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
Obesity, hypotension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
Anorexia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
Obesity, hypertension, lactose intolerance, menstrual dysfunction, acne
What is the most common cause of high Ca in hospital settings:
Malignancy
Thiazide therapy
Vitamin D deficiency
Primary hyperparathyroidism
AMount of Ca in ECF excluding bones (mmol/l)
1
5
8
10
20
Ca excretion in Urine (mmol/l)
When PTH is undetected or low, what is the cause of hypocalcemia?
Parathyroid adenoma
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Acute pancreatitis
Complication of thyroid surgery
1,25-dihydrocholecaliferol is synthesized in the:
Kidney
Granuloma disease (sarcoidosis)
Granuloma disease (tuberculosis)
Liver
A hypocalcemic patient has very low or undetectable PTH. The most likely cause is:
Acute pancreatitis, sarcoidosis
Parathyroid adenoma, pseudohypoparathyroidism
Complication of thyroid surgery, Mg deficiency
Parathyroid hyperplasia, Mg deficiency
Etiology of hypocalcemia
Elevated PTH, Thiazide diuretics, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
Thiazide diuretics, Impaired absorption of calcium, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
Poor dietary intake of calcium, Paget’s disease of bone, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
Poor dietary intake of calcium, Impaired absorption of calcium, Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption syndromes, Liver failure, Renal failure
