Choose True Statement(s)
Uropathogenic E.Coli produces adhesive fimbriae
Significant Bacteria does not refer to bacteria in Urine sample collexted via suprapubic aspiration
Gram positive spore-forming rods are the most common cause of hospital aquired UTI
Most bacteria can cause bacteria to grow easily in 24h
Choose antibiotics used in therapy of uncomplicated enterococcus
nitrofurantoin
erythromycin
cephalexin
Choose antibiotics used in therapy of uncomplicated enterobacteriacea
erythromcin
Ciprofloxacin (Quinolones)
Cotrimoxazole
How should the urine be kept/taken
a) Urine sample should be kept in sterile contain
b) urine should be kept in fridge 2-4 days
c) it should always be centrigugated
d) may be kept in fridge for up to 24 hours
Mid Stream for bladder urine - cystitis
Which drugs are found in urine in therapeutic conditions
ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolones
sulfonomide trimethoprim
amoxicillin
Choose Correct
Adhesin are the reason for ascending of UTI
SignifIcant bacteriuria refer to bacteria in urine sample collected via suprapubic aspiration.
Gram negative bacteria are the most common cause of hospital acquired UTI
Why should we take the sample in the early morning? - the bacteria concentration is highest in the morning
Explain asymptomatic UTI
without pain
without fever
without leucocyturia
luecocyturia with > 5 leucocytes in visual field or > 10 / µl
On an examination you find clue cells, vagina with fishy odour. This is most likely:
Physiological
Candidiasis
Bacterial vaginosis due to gardnerella vaginallis
Bacteriemia
None of the mentionend
Choose the agent responsible for stone formation in UTI
Klebsiella pneumonia
Proteus Mirabilis
E. Coli
Pseudomonas aeruhinosa
Candida Albicans
Drugs used for pseudomonas aeruginosa Treatment
Cefepime - ß-lactam
ciprofloxacin - Fluoroquinolone
levofloxacin - Fluoroquinolone
chloramphenicol
Mention two antibiotics with therapeutic value in urine:
Amoxicillin
Nitrofurantoin
sulfamethoxazole
cephalosporins
sulfonomides
Mention examples of complicated UTI
Congenital abnormalities
pregnancy
stones
neurogenic bladder
Presence of one type of bacteria in 10^5 indicates
Significant bacteriuria
leucocyturia
Presence of one type of microorganism in 10^2 CFU/ml indicates in urine sample collected from catheterization
significant bacteruria
asymptomatic bacteriuria
Pick the correct statement(s)
co-existing LEUKOCITURIA AND ASYMTOMATIC BACTERIURIA (AB) – no indication for antibiotic treatment
ASYMTOMATIC BACTERIURIA – requires treatment only in case of pregnancy - risk of developing UTI in IIIrd trimester, pre-term labour small for gestational age)
Antibiotic treatment is recommended in older diabetic patients
Thick, white vaginal exudate discharge is typical for
C. Albicans
Gardnerella Trachomatis
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Leukocyturia with bacteriuria is common for
Tuberculosis
Atypical Infection
E.Coli
Leukocyturia without bacteriuria is common for:
Define the term bacteriuria without leukocyturia: ❌ in the urine, asymptomatic May it indicate contamination? ❌
In UTI caused by E. coli KPC (+) the following antibiotics may be administered
Ciprofloxacin
Cefepime
Trimethropin
Meroponem
Causative agent of hospital-acquired infection?
E. Coli with 30-50%
Proteus Mirabillis
Candida alicans
Serratia marcescens
Klebsilla pneumoniae
Peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitor
Drug of choice in UTI by E. Coli
Drug against UTI by Proteus mirabilis
Higher concentration in urine than serum
A 35 year old woman outpatient presents acute urinary frequency and dysuria. Urine analysis shows pyuria and urine culture. Lactose fermenting Gram negatvie rods in titer 10^5. What is the most probable cause of the infection and what is the most beneficial treatment.
Fluoroquinolones
K. Pneumonie
3 predisposing factors for UTI
sexual intercourse
female
catherization
Ascending urinary tract infections are mostly due to:
Trichomonas vaginalis
Lactobacillus spp.
Staphylococcus aureus
List 3 virulence factors of uropathogenic bacteria…..
Pill adhesion
motility
capsule
Blood culture is the only specimen examined in urosepsis
Pick correct
The most cases of UTI in outpatients are due to lactose fermenting Gram-negative rods
Asymptomatic infection should be treated in pregnancy or in patients with UT abnormalities
Catherization is a major risk factor for ascending urinary infection in hospital settings
aspiration c) Gram positive grape-shaped cocci are the cause of catheter- related UTI
Which drug/s is/are found in therapeutic concentrations in urine:
macrolides
Nitrofuratonin
fluooroquinolones
Main cause of vaginitis is:
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Candida albicans
Staphylococcus epidermis
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Virulence factors of uropathogens
Urease
Adhesions
Biofilm
UTI by P. aeruginosa can be treated with
clauvulanic acid
ceftazidin
levofloxacin
3 predisposing factors for vaginal candidiasis
HIV
poor diet (high in sugar)
poor hygiene
antibiotic therapy
birth control
lingerine
Direct gram stained vaginal smear that contains epithelial cells, single blastospores, single leukocytes, multiple lactobacilli the following characteristic most likely indicate
candidiasis
bacterial vaginosis
physiology
Examination of direct gram-stained smear is an essential element in diagnostics of
vaginal candidiasis
asymptomatic bacteruria
The presence of S.epidermidis, enterococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp. in the outpatient’s urine in titer of 10^4 of each is most likely:
sample contamination
chronic UTI
significant bacteriuria
none of the mentionend
Choose drug\s that may be used to treat complicated UTI caused by K.pneumonia NDM(+) New Dehli Metalobetalactamase
meroponem
cotrimoxazole
imipenem
Why the urine sample refrigerated before examination?
To prevent bacterial overgrowth. Refrigeration slows down the growth of bacteria in the urine, preserving the sample for accurate analysis.
Choose antibiotic used in empiric therapy of uncomplicated UTI caused by enterobacter cloacae
piperacillin tazobactam
meropenem
Antimicrobial host factors present in urine
Urea
osmolarity
acidic pH
Ammonium
Lactobacilli
are gram negative rods
maintain the microbial balance of vagina
are non spore forming gram positive rods
are usually multi resistant to antibiotics