Forms longitudinal axis of body

Supports head, neck, and trunk

Protects brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs

All of the above

Supports and protects

Allows mobility

Bones

Cartilages

Joints & ligaments

All of the above

15%

20%

25%

30%

Axial and appendicular

Anterior and posterior

Dense and loose

Hyaline and fibrocartilage

It is composed of mostly bone

Cartilage occurs in isolated areas

Ligaments connect bones and reinforce joints

All of the above

20

50

80

100

Skull

Vertebral column

Thoracic cage

All of the above

It's the most complex bony structure in the body.

It's formed of cranial bones and facial bones.

Most of its bones are flat and locked together.

All of the above

Enclosing the heart in the thoracic cavity

Supporting the spinal cord in the vertebral canal

Enclosing the brain in the cranial cavity

Providing sites of attachment for leg muscles

Supporting the rib cage

Providing sites of attachment for arm muscles

Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles

Forming the pelvis

Synovial joints

Cartilaginous joints

Sutures

Ligamentous joints

Smooth and rounded

Serrated, with a saw-tooth appearance

Flat and linear

Irregular and bumpy

Contain cavities for special sense organs for sight, taste, and smell

Provide openings for air and food passage

Secure teeth & anchor facial muscles used for facial expression

Serve as attachment points for the spinal cord

Lumbar, Thoracic, Sacral, Cervical, Coccyx

Thoracic, Lumbar, Cervical, Sacral, Coccyx

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx

Sacral, Coccyx, Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical

Extends from skull to pelvis and has 4 main curves

Functions to transmit weight of trunk to lower limbs, surround and protect spinal cord, provide attachment points for ribs and muscles

Flexible curved structure contains 26 irregular bones called vertebrae in five major regions

All of the above

To decrease the resilience and flexibility of the spine

To provide a rigid support structure for the spine

To help increase resilience and flexibility of the spine

To limit movement and mobility in the spine

The cervical and lumbar curvatures are convex posteriorly, while the thoracic and sacral curvatures are concave posteriorly.

The cervical and lumbar curvatures are concave posteriorly, while the thoracic and sacral curvatures are convex posteriorly.

All regions of the spine have convex posterior curvatures.

All regions of the spine have concave posterior curvatures.

abnormal lateral rotation of spine, most often in thoracic region, which may lead to breathing difficulties

abnormal dorsal thoracic curvature common in people with osteoporosis, tuberculosis of spine, rickets, or osteomalacia

accentuated lumbar curvature that can result from disease but also pregnancy

None of the above

abnormal lateral rotation of spine, most often in thoracic region, which may lead to breathing difficulties

abnormal dorsal thoracic curvature common in people with osteoporosis, tuberculosis of spine, rickets, or osteomalacia

accentuated lumbar curvature that can result from disease but also pregnancy

None of the above

abnormal lateral rotation of spine, most often in thoracic region, which may lead to breathing difficulties

abnormal dorsal thoracic curvature common in people with osteoporosis, tuberculosis of spine, rickets, or osteomalacia

accentuated lumbar curvature that can result from disease but also pregnancy

None of the above

Congenital conditions

Diseases

Poor posture or unequal pull of muscles on the spine

All of the above

Thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

Sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly

Ribs laterally

All of the above

Protects vital organs

Supports shoulder girdles and upper limbs

Provides attachment sites for muscles of neck, back, chest, and shoulders

All of the above

It consists of bones that form the spinal column.

It includes bones that make up the skull and face.

It consists of bones of the limbs and their girdles.

It comprises bones of the thoracic cage and pelvis.

In the appendicular skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk.

In the appendicular skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk.

In the axial skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk.

In the axial skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk.

Clavicles and scapulae

Humerus and radius

Femur and patella

Tibia and fibula

Pelvic girdle

Shoulder girdle

Hip girdle

Limb girdle

Carpals, Patellae, Tarsals

Femurs, Tibias, Fibulas

Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Scapulae, Clavicles, Humeri

Phalanges (finger bones), metacarpals (palm bones) and carpals (wrist bones)

Phalanges (palm bones), metacarpals (finger bones) and carpals (wrist bones)

Phalanges (wrist bones), metacarpals (finger bones) and carpals (palm bones)

Phalanges (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm bones) and carpals (finger bones)

Arm: Radius and ulna; Forearm: Humerus; Hand: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Arm: Humerus; Forearm: Radius and ulna; Hand: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Arm: Humerus; Forearm: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges; Hand: Radius and ulna

Arm: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges; Forearm: Radius and ulna; Hand: Humerus

8 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm and 14 phalanges in the fingers

5 carpal bones in the wrist, 8 metacarpal bones in the palm and 14 phalanges in the fingers

14 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm and 8 phalanges in the fingers

8 carpal bones in the wrist, 14 metacarpal bones in the palm and 5 phalanges in the fingers

The ulna articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint, while the radius articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist and the ulna at the radioulnar joints.

The ulna is located on the lateral side of the forearm, while the radius is located on the medial side.

The ulna is longer and thicker than the radius.

The radius articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint, while the ulna articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist and the radius at the radioulnar joints.

Shoulder girdle

Rib cage

Hip girdle

Skull cage

Femur and patella

Scapula and clavicle

Humerus and ulna

Two coxal bones and sacrum

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

Sacrum, coccyx, ilium

Sacrum, ischium, pubis

Ilium, coccyx, pubis

Supports the pelvic organs

Transmits weight of upper body to lower limbs

Has less mobility but more stability than shoulder joint

All of the above