Imperfect brain-eye coordination, or a different map in the brain than on the retina, is called what? (Clue: The pattern of neural firing that lets you find the bathroom at night)
spatial maps
attentional maps
retinal maps
neural-optic maps
The aperture problem is offset by what?
both signals from the parietal lobe and overlapping columns in the brain
overlapping columns in the brain
signals from the parietal lobe
both signals from the occipital lobe and overlapping columns in the brain
What is it called, when an image is not on the horoptor?
visual saccades
peripheral vision
absolute disparity
steriopsis
Direct foveal focus on an attended object is what?
fixation
overt attention
attention
covert attention
This questions how we perceive individual features:
feature integration theory
aperture problem
binding problem
coherence
Where is the landmark area of the brain?
parietal region
right parahyppocampal gyrus
mid temporal lobe
occipital lobe
How objects are analyzed into separate features: ie. the red ball is: red, round
binding
pre-attentive stage
aperture
What things comprise attention
accomodation & convergence
adjustment & convergence
visual scanning & fixation
concentration & fixation
Neurons that respond when you engage in a behavior or see someone engaged in a behavior are what?
visual dominant mirror neurons
motor dominant parietal neurons
visual dominant motor neurons
mirror neurons
Where are mirror neurons located?
in the parietal region
in the pre-frontal cortex
in the occipital lobe
in the pre-motor cortex
This refers to the physical properties of whatever a person is looking at, things that make an object come into focus (such as color, contrast, lines, etc.)
stimulus salience
salience
attentional capture
attentional detail
What kind of processing does stimulus salience use?
Neural processing
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
Knowledge-based processing
How much a task requires from a person's capacity is what? Difficult tasks require more of this:
load capacity
capacity load
perceptual load
perceptual capacity
Structures created by the surfaces, textures, and the contours of the environment are?
stimulus
optic array
texture gradient
salient
Theory that there is a part of the brain that receives and compares both image displacement signals and corollary discharge signals:
figure-integration theory
comparison theory
figure-comparison theory
comparator theory
Specialized neurons that link specific sights and sounds are:
audiovisual neurons
audiovisual mirror neurons
parietal neurons
Where do people focus when going around curves?
on the focus of expansion
on the destination
on the arch of the curve
on the road
That when you stare at something for long enough and then look away, you will still see it is called what?
mirroring
after-images
after-effects
local disturbances of the optic array
As you move and things are uncovered, what is it called? What is it called when you move and things are covered?
accretion, deletion
steriopsis, horopsis
deletion, accretion
What are local disturbances of the optic array?
when things are coming at you they appear to shrink and move together, and when things are going away from you they appear to grow and expand
when things that are coming at you they appear to grow and expand, and when things are going away from you they appear to shrink and move together
things that get your attention to a specific location
that as you move, stationary background objects are uncovered and covered
What gets your attention to a specific location?
spatial attention
scene schemas
scene statistics
that identifying information in the retinal image is correlated to the depth of a scene is called:
invarient information
identifying information
scene maps
cue approach to depth perception
the aperture problem is what?
when you cannot perceive motion causing things to appear strobe like
when you feel like everything is moving even when it is not
when you cannot tell if something is moving or not
when you cannot tell the depth of something
When movement depicted in a still photo appears to continue to move in one's mind it is called:
representational momentum
induced motion
relational momentum
illusory motion
Where does an image appear if it does not appear on the horoptor?
in the sterioptor
in the fovea
in the focus of expansion
in the periphery
What is the pattern of neural firing that allows you to find the potty on the blackest of nights?
retinal mapping
attentional mapping
spatial mapping
area mapping
What part of the brain does attentional mapping deal with?
the parietal region
the superior temporal sulcrus
the right parahippocampal gyrus
mid temporal sulcrus
of all the things in the world, what we focus on in a given moment is called what?
occular motor cues work with
accomodation & fixation
attention & fixation
How do comic books allow you to visualize the story moving?
relational movement
representational movement
where is the memory place in the brain?
the pre-motor cortex
the pre-frontal cortex
the parahippocampal area
information we gather from objects that suggest how they might be used are called what?
accomodations
visual cues
affordances
That the longer you stare at a color, the duller it looks is called what?
chromatic adaptation
color adaptation
chromatic adjustment
color adjustment
How the eye's lens changes its shape to look at different objects or distances is called what?
adjustment
affordance
accomodation
adaptation
The area of maximum neural firings on the brain, that can expand and contract depending on what we need to focus on, is called what?
right parahippocampal gyrus
pre-frontal cortex
representational maps
receptive field maps
Attention is voluntary
Where is the Human Navigation Network?
the right parahippocampal gyrus and the parietal lobe
the right hippocampus and the parietal lobe
the right parahippocampal gyrus and the occipital lobe
the right hippocampus and the occiptial lobe
What does the medial superior temporal area respond to?
vertical or horizontal movement
gradient flow
rightward or leftward movement
What area of the brain responds to optic flow areas?
the parietal lobe
the occipital lobe
the medial superior temporal area
stereoscopic depth perception occurs with what?
movement
when images are on perfectly symmetrical corresponding points in both eyes
horopsis
when there is optic ataxia on both eyes
theory that cells further down behind the retina work in an opposite manner
opponent process theory
opposing theory
figure-ground theory
The way a baseball player can move himself to catch a ball on a curve is an example of what?
motor saccades
mirror saccades
movement saccades
J.J. Gibson found that traditional cues for depth did not adequately explain what?
how pilots could find the runway
how pilots can land planes on the runway
how pilots could judge their positions relative to the runway
how pilots could know when to land on the runway
The area of the brain that helps people reach and grasp for things is called what?
occipital region
occipital reach region
parietal reach region
What kind of cue cannot be represented in a laboratory condition?
visual
motor
audiovisual
a small area in the center of the the human retina containing only cone receptors is called:
the cornea
the fovea
the horoptor
where/how things tend to go in the unfolding of an event is called:
statistical scene
statistical schema
How quickly do the eyes move?
approximately 5x per second
approximately 3x per second
approximately 4x per second
approximately 8x per second
What is it called when you look at an object for 30-60 seconds, and it appears to move
after effects
motion after effects
apparent motion
perception of movement as a cue, related to something else, is called what?
optic flow
when people go colorblind due to brain damage it is called:
optic ataxia
cerebral ataxia
cerebral achromatopsia
chromatic ataxia
what experiment demonstrated trichromatic theory?
where people were shown shapes that moved around a box a certain way, and then attributed emotional states to them
where people were shown 3 different colors, and had to replicate them by turning dials on a box
where people were shown different colors, and had to replicate them by turning 3 colored dials on a box
where people are shown different colors moving around a box, and had to replicate them with the colors.
when you don't see something long enough to figure out why it bugs you, it is called what?
subliminal perception
subliminal messaging
subliminal statistics
peripheral messaging
Light-from-above-assumption uses bottom- up processing
scene schemas use top down processing
Theory that cells further down behind the retina work in an opposite manner is called?
transposing
opposite process theory
columns
When equally spaced objects appear closer together on the horizon it is called:
texture gradient or perspective convergence
occular convergence
gradient flow or optic flow
visual angles
What does opponent process theory cause?
after images
contrast
intensity
rate and lack of flow are cues that help us comprehend what?
distance
objects
speed
If all your cones function, you are a what?
trichromat
dichromat
monochromat
tetrachromat
Blue and yellow pigment make what, why?
white, because blue pigments have short wavelengths and yellow pigments have medium and long wavelengths, and pigments are additive
white, because blue pigments have short wavelengths and yellow pigments have medium and long wavelengths, and pigments are subtractive
green, because blue pigments have short wavelengths and yellow pigments have medium and long wavelengths, and pigments are subtractive
green, because blue pigments have short wavelengths and yellow pigments have medium and long wavelengths, and pigments are additive
what kind of wavelength is white?
short medium and long
medium and long
short and medium
long
What wavelengths are red, yellow, green and blue?
red is short, yellow is short and medium, green is medium, blue is long
yellow is short, red is short and medium, blue is medium, green is long
green is short, blue is short and medium, red is medium, yellow is long
blue is short, yellow is short and medium, green is medium, red is long
communicates size and distance, something between two points relative to observes eyes
size constancy
size consistency
what gets you prepared for a visual cue?
pre-cuing procedure
visual saccade
occular pre-cue
pre-cuing phase
What kind of attention is the most effective?
direct attention
foveal attention
focal attention
damage to the parietal area of the brain causes what?
occular ataxia
occular achromatosis
parietal ataxia
What part of our brain judges spatial location?
mid superior temporal area
superior temporal sulcrus
parietal area
pre frontal cortex
that when you see color under one type of light, it will still appear the same color under another type of light, is called?
chromatic consistency
chromatic constancy
color constancy
color consistency
what is selective reflection?
where some colors are absorbed into a substance or object that is translucent, and other colors pass through
where some colors are absorbed into a substance or object that is opaque, and other colors pass through
where some colors are absorbed into a substance or object that is translucent, and others colors are reflected
where some colors are absorbed into a substance or object that is opaque, and other colors are reflected
signals sent from the brain to the eye muscles to follow motion are called?
motor signals
motion signals
corollary discharge signals
image displacement signals
that distant objects appear less focused and bluish is:
spatial scene
atmospheric stimulus
atmospheric pressure
relative height and positioning are examples of....?
spatial cues
mononocular cues
spatial scenes
occular cues
What is optic ataxia?
when people have trouble pinpointing where a visual stimulus is
when people cannot perceive motion
when people feel motion where there is none
when people cannot see color
when something is partially hidden, it is what?
accreded
occluded
deleted
recceded
what is the line called that goes along the visual field where everything can be seen perfectly with both eyes?
horizon
stereoptor
horoptor
periphery
why do researchers not believe there is a color center in the brain?
because they know it is in the eyes
because they know color requires signals from all over the brain
because they know it is in the occular region as well as in the pre frontal cortex, which is more than one region of the brain
that is false, they do believe there is a color center in the brain
what is blindness to motion called?
achromatosis
akinotopsia
achromatopsia
chromatic akinotopsia
the closer you are to an object the .... it appears, and the farther away you are from an object the .... it appears.
faster, slower
slower, faster
smaller, larger
blurrier, clearer
there is flow at the destination point, or straight ahead on the horizon
that proportions stay relatively the same
what is stereopsis?
the disparity from the horopsis
how things are mirrored in opposing parts of each eye
how things are mirrored in identical parts of each eye
where something falls on the horoptor line
the absence of flow at the destination point, or straight ahead on the horizon, is what?
focal point
foveal point
focus of expansion
the distance in speed that occurs based on the location one is from something is called what?
visual disparity
data gathered based on what doesn't move or change, that things proportionally stay the same, is what?
invarient stimuli
what is the spectrum of visible light to humans?
400-1400 nm
200-700 nm
400-700 nm
700-1400 nm
approximately how many colors can most humans perceive?
200
700
300
400
humans cannot describe the complete spectrum of colors without what "pure" colors?
red, yellow, blue, white
red, yellow, blue, green
red, yellow, blue, black
red, yellow, blue
movement specific to living creatures is called?
organic motion
organic movement
biological motion
biological movement
when white is taken away from a color, it is called what?
saturation
desaturation
denaturation
what are achromatic colors?
grey, white, black, red
yellow, blue, red, green
yellow, blue, red
grey, white, black
with what type of color is there no selective reflection?
black
achromatic color
chromatic color
red
a neural circuit that helps detect motion is called what?
reichardt circuit
motion circuit
reichardt detector
motor detector
these use excitatory and inhibitory-ness to help us see colors sharply:
visual dominant parietal neurons
contrasting colors
opponent neurons
copy of motor signals that is sent to the cortex to make the person aware they are moving are:
corollary displacement signals
image discharge signals
information sent to the brain about an image moving around on the retina is:
image displacement signal
image discharge signal
corollary discharge signal
neurons that help us look around and get to things are
parietal motor dominant neurons
motor neurons
Perception of movement cannot be explained by what is happening on the retina alone
The two ends of the visual light spectrum are?
400-430 (red) to 650-700 (violet)
400-450 (violet) to 630-700 (red)
400-450 (red) to 630-700 (violet)
400-430 (violet) to 650-700 (red)
the degree to which things move in the same direction is?
constancy
consistency
collusion
what part of the bran does the shortest path constraint activate?
motor dominant parietal cortex
motor cortex
parietal cortex
refers to the idea a person has a certain capacity for a task
perceptual identity
perceptual reality
Damage to the corollary discharge signals causes someone to be unable to perceive movement
inability to judge distances due to damage to the visual and motor dominant neurons is what?
occipital ataxia
ocular ataxia
parahippocampal ataxia
hippocampal ataxia
how an object's individual features become bound together is?
attentional capture uses bottom-down processing
constant, jerky movements of the eye are:
visual motion
occular spasms
the part of the brain that activates when viewing biological motion is?
Real Motion Neurons respond when the eye is still, not when it is moving
Visual saccades help a baseball player catch a ball on a curve
constant physical adjustments relying on flow information to maintain position are called motor saccades
failure to realize change in a scene, generally because it does have some continuities, is called
invarient blindness
inattentional blindness
change blindness
invarient inattention
how things that are not moving may appear to move, like how alternating lights on a sign may make an arrow appear to move forward
actual motion
when the motion of one object makes another nearby object that is not moving appear to move, it is called:
theory that we move from pieces to wholes when viewing an object or scene, which is why eyewitness testimony can get messed up
apparent combination
illusory conjuctions
how me move around actively and collect data from our environment to interpret it is called?
ecological approach
