❌:
- Affects our well-being and happiness. Helps regulate mood and social behaviour, appetite and digestion, sleep, memory, and sexual functioning. Also involved in constriction of smooth muscles and the sleep-wake cycle.
- Decreased levels leads to depression.
- Sunlight, exercise, and increasing positive mood increases levels of this.
- Inhibits aggression and antisocial behaviour.
❌:
- Both a hormone and neurotransmitter
- Mobilises the brain & body to act in stress
- Increases alertness and arousal
- Increases heart rate, glucose into blood, and blood to muscles.
- Involved in regulating our mood and ability to concentrate
❌:
- Found in the CNS and PNS
- Enable muscle action, learning/memory, & REM sleep
- Involved in neuroplasticity
- Increased by learning
- Decrease leads to Alzheimers
❌:
- Involved in thoughts, feelings, motivation and behaviour
- Neural pathways involved in emotional arousal, experiencing pleasure, and associating certain behaviours with reward.
- Pays a vital role in addiction, and risk-taking behaviour because of its pleasure motivation reinforcement.
- Deficiency can cause depressive mood and lead to Parkinson's.
❌:
- Known as adrenaline - both a hormone and neurotransmitter
- Secreted by adrenal glands
- Released in response to situations providing fear, anxiety & physiological arousal
- Increases heart rate, high blood pressure and fast breathing.
- Also released in the brain.
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
