Mara Ramallo Martínez
Quiz von , erstellt am vor etwa 2 Monate

Psychology (Introduction to Neuropsychology) Quiz am Lecture 7 & 8, erstellt von Mara Ramallo Martínez am 16/11/2024.

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Mara Ramallo Martínez
Erstellt von Mara Ramallo Martínez vor etwa 2 Monate
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Lecture 7 & 8

Frage 1 von 34

1

Which type of memory is characterized by a "bottom-up" process, does not require conscious thought, and includes daily habits and motor skills?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Semantic memory

  • Episodic memory

  • Implicit memory

  • Short-term memory

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Frage 2 von 34

1

What type of memory was preserved in patient H.M. despite severe anterograde amnesia?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Semantic memory

  • Episodic memory

  • Implicit memory

  • Verbal short-term memory

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Frage 3 von 34

1

Damage to which brain region is most associated with anterograde amnesia due to impaired memory consolidation?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Frontal lobe

  • Hippocampus

  • Amygdala

  • Occipital lobe

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Frage 4 von 34

1

The "30-second memory" exhibited by patient C.W. following herpes simplex encephalitis is an example of:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Anterograde amnesia

  • Retrograde amnesia

  • Implicit memory loss

  • Semantic memory loss

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Frage 5 von 34

1

In cases of Korsakoff's syndrome, which symptom is most prominent?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Low verbal fluency

  • Confabulation and apathy

  • Diminished emotional memory

  • Preservation of episodic memory

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Frage 6 von 34

1

Which type of amnesia is characterized by difficulty in retrieving older, established memories?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Anterograde amnesia

  • Retrograde amnesia

  • Semantic memory impairment

  • Episodic memory impairment

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Frage 7 von 34

1

Damage to the left temporal lobe typically results in:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Problems with recognizing faces and nonverbal material.

  • Impairments in processing verbal material and language.

  • Enhanced musical recognition abilities.

  • Spatial orientation deficits.

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Frage 8 von 34

1

Wernicke’s aphasia is best described by which of the following symptoms?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Slow, non-fluent speech with good comprehension.

  • Fluent speech with poor comprehension and nonsensical output.

  • Impaired ability to repeat words but good understanding.

  • Inability to write or read with intact speech.

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Frage 9 von 34

1

Which area is primarily affected in Broca’s aphasia, leading to speech production difficulties?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Superior temporal gyrus

  • Posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus

  • Primary visual cortex

  • Parietal lobe

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Frage 10 von 34

1

What distinguishes global aphasia from other language disorders?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Fluent speech with naming difficulties.

  • Preservation of repetition ability.

  • Severe impairment in both speech comprehension and production.

  • Isolated impairment in reading and writing.

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Frage 11 von 34

1

The dual pathways model of language suggests that:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • The dorsal pathway is mainly involved in processing emotional prosody.

  • The ventral pathway is responsible for transforming sound into motor representation.

  • Both pathways are restricted to the left hemisphere.

  • The dorsal pathway processes syntax, while the ventral pathway processes semantic information.

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Frage 12 von 34

1

Which neural structure is crucial for the emotional 'coloring' of memories and can influence the consolidation of emotionally charged events?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Hippocampus

  • Amygdala

  • PFC

  • Superior temporal gyrus

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Frage 13 von 34

1

Which brain regions are primarily involved in working memory tasks that require holding and manipulating information?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Temporal lobe and amygdala

  • Hippocampus and occipital lobe

  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal association areas

  • Medial temporal lobe and brainstem

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Frage 14 von 34

1

Retrograde amnesia associated with Alzheimer’s disease typically results from damage to:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • The primary sensory cortex.

  • The lateral temporal cortex and posterior association areas.

  • The cerebellum.

  • The frontal eye fields.

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Frage 15 von 34

1

Transcortical motor aphasia differs from Broca's aphasia primarily by:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Preserved repetition ability but impaired spontaneous speech.

  • Fluent speech with poor comprehension.

  • Complete loss of comprehension and speech production.

  • Severe word-finding difficulties with intact speech production.

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Frage 16 von 34

1

Conduction aphasia results from damage to which structure that connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Superior temporal gyrus

  • Arcuate fasciculus

  • Insula

  • Basal ganglio

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Frage 17 von 34

1

A patient with anterograde amnesia would likely experience which of the following?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Difficulty recalling past events before a traumatic incident.

  • Problems forming new long-term memories after an injury.

  • Inability to maintain focus on short-term tasks.

  • Enhanced ability to recall recent events but impaired memory for older events.

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Frage 18 von 34

1

Which part of the frontal lobe is involved in integrating emotional and social cues for decision-making and impulse control?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

  • Orbitofrontal cortex

  • Primary motor cortex

  • Supplementary motor area

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Frage 19 von 34

1

Wernicke's area is primarily located at the boundary between which two lobes?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Frontal and parietal lobes

  • Temporal and occipital lobes

  • Temporal and parietal lobes

  • Parietal and occipital lobes

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Frage 20 von 34

1

The MUC model of language suggests that Broca’s area is involved in:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Only the production of speech.

  • Only the comprehension of spoken language.

  • Memory, unification, and control processes.

  • Processing non-verbal cues like prosody.

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Frage 21 von 34

1

Aprosodia, or the loss of tone in speech, is most commonly associated with damage to:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Broca's area.

  • The right hemisphere.

  • The left temporal lobe.

  • The cerebellum.

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Frage 22 von 34

1

Declarative (explicit) memory depends on which key structure for initial encoding and retrieval?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Basal ganglia

  • Hippocampus

  • Cerebellum

  • Primary motor cortex

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Frage 23 von 34

1

Semantic memory differs from episodic memory in that:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • It involves detailed, personal experiences bound by time and place.

  • It requires the amygdala for emotional processing.

  • It consists of general knowledge and facts without a time context.

  • It is primarily processed by the occipital lobe.

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Frage 24 von 34

1

Anomic aphasia is characterized by:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Fluent speech with difficulty understanding language.

  • Good comprehension but severe word-finding problems.

  • Non-fluent speech with intact repetition ability.

  • Inability to recognize faces.

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Frage 25 von 34

1

Which of the following is a defining feature of pure aphasias?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • They typically involve both speech and comprehension difficulties.

  • They are associated with isolated impairments in reading, writing, or word recognition.

  • They result in complete mutism.

  • They include deficits in both motor and sensory language functions.

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Frage 26 von 34

1

The prefrontal cortex contributes to memory primarily through its role in:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Encoding long-term emotional memories.

  • Retrieving spatial and visual details from past events.

  • Managing working memory and directing attention.

  • Storing procedural memories for motor tasks.

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Frage 27 von 34

1

Retrograde amnesia affecting older memories suggests damage to:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • The hippocampus exclusively.

  • Lateral temporal and posterior parietal cortices.

  • The cerebellum.

  • The frontal lobe's executive function regions.

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Frage 28 von 34

1

H.M.’s case provided crucial evidence that:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • The amygdala is essential for all types of memory formation.

  • The medial temporal lobes are critical for forming new explicit memories.

  • Implicit memory relies solely on the frontal lobes

  • Episodic and semantic memories are stored in the basal ganglia.

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Frage 29 von 34

1

In cases of aphasia following a right hemisphere lesion, a patient may primarily struggle with:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Understanding complex syntax.

  • Controlling speech production.

  • Using context for interpreting discourse and detecting prosody.

  • Repeating phrases accurately.

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Frage 30 von 34

1

Which feature distinguishes emotional memory from other memory types?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • It requires only the hippocampus for proper function.

  • It has both explicit and implicit components and often involves the amygdala.

  • It is stored in the occipital cortex.

  • It relies solely on procedural pathways involving the basal ganglia.

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Frage 31 von 34

1

Topographic amnesia, or the inability to remember spatial locations, is often due to damage in the:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Anterior cingulate cortex.

  • Posterior parietal cortex.

  • Medial temporal lobe.

  • Basal ganglia.

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Frage 32 von 34

1

Primary progressive aphasia differs from other aphasias by:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Being caused by acute trauma like a stroke.

  • Gradually impairing language functions over time due to neurodegenerative disease.

  • Resulting exclusively from a left occipital lesion.

  • Preserving all aspects of language production and comprehension.

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Frage 33 von 34

1

Emotional memory is most vivid and long-lasting when:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • It is processed with minimal activation of the amygdala.

  • The hippocampus is entirely bypassed.

  • The event triggers significant amygdala activation alongside other memory structures.

  • It relies solely on implicit memory pathways.

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Frage 34 von 34

1

Herpes simplex encephalitis affecting the temporal lobe often results in:

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Selective procedural memory deficits.

  • Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

  • Preserved short-term memory but impaired episodic memory.

  • Enhanced ability to encode emotional memories.

Erklärung

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