What were the main findings of the Weck et al. study investigating the efficacy of treatment for hypochondriasis?
Both Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy were more effective than WLT. Anxiety was only significantly reduced by Exposure Therapy.
Exposure Therapy was more effective than either Cognitive Therapy or WLT. Depression was only significantly reduced by Exposure Therapy.
Both Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy were more effective than WLT.
Both Cognitive Therapy and Exposure Therapy were marginally more effective than WLC.
What type of designs are used for the majority of clinical treatments?
A-B-A
A-B
Alternate/reversal design (A-B-A-B)
Multiple-baseline designs
A number of patients receive a treatment program, but half of them will receive the treatments in opposite order. What kind of design is this?
Clinical evaluation design
Case series with cross over
Crossed-series design
Efficacy study design
What type of experimental design would be used for assessment of 'forensic' behaviours such as shoplifting?
A-B design
Intervention-only Design (B)
Changing-Criterion design.
Lambert and Ogles (2004) looked at the results of hundreds of studies and concluded that the average psychotherapy patient improved more than about ______ of clients who received no psychotherapy treatment.
80%
90%
60%
55%
Expectancy effects accounted for what percentage of patient improvement in Lambert and Barley's study of therapeutic factors?
20%
30%
40%
15%
Techniques accounted for what percentage of patient improvement in Lambert and Barley's study of therapeutic factors?
Why is the dodo-bird metaphor used when describing the effects of different types of therapy?
Because most studies show that extratherapeutic change is responsible for client outcomes in psychotherapy.
Because regardless of the type of treatment given, many different psychotherapeutic approaches seem to have the same effects.
Because the effectiveness of treatment depends upon correct diagnosis of the problem.
Because the effectiveness of treatment is always determined by a number of factors relating to the individual.
The results of ____ studies are generally less impressive but more generalisable than ____ studies.
Efficacy, effectiveness.
Effectiveness, efficacy.
multiple, individual.
moderator, mechanism.
Efficacy studies emphasise the ____ of the experimental designs, whereas effectiveness studies emphasise _____ .
internal validity, generalisability.
generalisability, internal validity.
External validity, internal validity.
Internal validity, external validity.
What are the core components of the therapeutic alliance?
The client's affective relationship to the therapist, the client's capacity to work purposefully, facilitative factors such as the therapist's empathy, and client-therapist agreement on goals and tasks of therapy.
The client's capacity to work purposefully in therapy, facilitative factors such as the therapist's empathy, the client's initial impression of the therapist, and client-therapist agreement on goals and tasks of therapy.
The client's affective relationship to the therapist, the client's capacity to work purposefully, the client's initial impression of the therapist, and client-therapist agreement on goals and tasks of therapy.
The client's affective relationship to the therapist, the client's capacity to work purposefully, facilitative factors such as the therapist's communication style, and client-therapist agreement on goals and tasks of therapy.
In an effectiveness study, the effect size of an intervention is generally based upon _____ from pre-to-post intervention.
reduction in client symptoms
Between-group changes
Within-subject changes
the patients adherence to the treatment
