Activities of Daily Living are the basic measurement for determining…
quality of nursing home care
appropriateness of LTC setting selection
patient age
all of the above
none of the above
The average bed count for Wisconsin community hospitals is approximately 461 beds (FY2008)
For a patented prescription drug, the slope of the demand curve will likely stay the same after introduction of a generic version because the same number of patients need the drug.
The majority of Assisted Living residents move in from
their homes
the hospital
skilled nursing facilities
hospice
The majority of patients in hospice care are
released to home care
released to assisted living
released to skilled nursing
released to CCRCs
The FDA…
recommends drug recalls to the Consumer Products Safety Commission
has little control of how a drug is used after approval
has no regulatory authority for non-print advertising (FCC regulates) of drugs
provides DEA agents to Homeland Security to enforce reimportation regulations
Innovations in the pharmacist's role attributed to the Indian Health Service include all EXCEPT:
pharmacists participating in hospital rounds
private consultation rooms
pharmacists in primary care role for chronic disease
pharmacist access to patient chart for dispensing
all of the above are IHS innovations
All of the following contribute to increased competition EXCEPT:
open information
available substitute goods
lower barriers to entry
many market participants
a strong patent and copyright system
Post marketing surveillance is also known as
Phase IV
side effect tracing
toxicology monitoring
recall monitoring
Regulations prohibit direct sales of legend drugs from legend drug manufacturers to
Pharmaceutical distributors
Hospital pharmacies
Community pharmacies
All of the above
None of the above
Many patients of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse disorder avoid diagnosis or treatment.
An extremely small percentage of Americans (<1%) are estimated to have a mental disorder in their lifetime.
In drug development, preclinical testing is the first step that focuses on human testing.
Professional Pharmacy Organizations provide service to
pharmacists and related individuals
society & community
the pharmacy profession
For every compound which enters Stage "0" trials, 250 compounds enter Stage III.
EMTALA prevents physicians from transferring patients ("patient dumping") from a clinic to a private practice.
VA medical centers and urban tertiary teaching hospitals are typically the largest community hospitals.
Hospitals are often categorized by
bed count
ownership
length of stay
bed count & length of stay only
All the above,
Hospitals are licensed by The Joint Commission (formerly JCAHO).
Funding for delivery of Mental Health services
is nearly all federally-based
has shifted amongst payors for many years
follows the 1910 Flexner recommendation
is nearly all state-based
A New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to the FDA
A. to request approval for marketing a new drug
B. prior to phase IV clinicals
C. to request approval to begin phase I clinicals
A & B only
All the above
Unlike demand, supply is unaffected by changes in raw material costs.
Most Home Care patients continue normal daily activities independently in their own homes.
A believable rumor of an upcoming price increase will likely:
cause an increase in demand
cause a decrease in demand
cause increased utility
cause decreased utility
A patient is likely not a good fit for ambulatory care if they:
have no obvious symptoms
have no insurance
have only Medicare, Medicaid, or SCHIP coverage
need assistance with activities of daily living
need a specialty, international travel-related immunization
Hospitals have reacted to Medicare PPS and insurance plan capitation by
increasing use of PAs and NPs
performing more services on an inpatient basis
increasing outpatient services offered
requiring minimum patient stay lengths
requiring prior approvals
Intravenous antibiotic therapy is a typical home care service.
Hospital pharmacists are typically responsible for drug distribution as well as
drug therapy monitoring
adverse-drug-reaction monitoring
medication-utilization evaluation
IV admixture services
Demand quantity generally always decreases as price increases because
replacement products lower prices
utility is often elastic as prices increase
fewer buyers have ability or willingness to pay the higher price
complementary products become available as substitutes
the number of consumers in the market increases
Phase one clinical trials focus on
long term safety and effectiveness
efficacy and dose ranging
safety, side effects, and preliminary dosing
comparison to other therapy
Which characteristic is typically associated with a modern hospital?
staffed by health care professionals
provides both ambulatory and inpatient care
includes pharmacists as a part of the care team
concentration of healthcare facilities and equipment
Ambulatory care has grown in the past several decades due to
Medicare PPS implementation
positive patient experiences
technological advances
HMOs
Advocacy is
pleading for a cause or proposal
a central function of most professional organizations
highly recommended for all pharmacists
All of the professional pharmacy organizations below have a focus on professional advocacy EXCEPT
ASHP
APhA
NCPA
PSW
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin is a private nonprofit specialty hospital.
A rural community with a few primary care physicians (an oligopoly) could collude to raise pricing and induce demand.
A patient treatment need which is not typical for LTC is…
physical therapy
broken leg rehab
Alzheimer's
surgery
IV drug therapy
Which market most closely resembles a monopsony?
A rural community with one grocery store and many residents
A farming community with one cotton mill and many cotton farms
An urban neighborhood with several "bodega" style food markets and many residents
An urban area with two oil refineries and many automobiles
A farmer's market in a suburban community
As a market, all of healthcare has been highly competitive since the completion of PPS systems for the remaining categories.
Hospital emergency rooms are high-cost, high capability entities making them a good fit for only a small portion of healthcare cases.
Factors which might make a patient a good "fit" for home care include
A. treatment need is relatively long term
B. home care services available in the area
C. available of family members to assist
A, B, & C
Elasticity refers to change in demanded quantity due to change in
number of consumers
availability of substitutes
price
supply
