Forage Exam 3

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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Which is more digestible?

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The the temperature the the plant goes through .

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is the general term used to describe the practice of establishing forage crops into perennial, grass dominant, hay and/or pasture. Usually accomplished with a no-till grain drill or broadcasting seed.

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What are ways that sod-seeding is usually done?

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The establishment of legumes such as clover or alfalfa into tall fescue is usually practiced where?

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Cool season annual grasses (ryegrass, rye, oats, wheat) and/or leagues (clover) planted into dormant perennial warm season grass sods (bahiagrass, bermudagrass) if primarily done where?

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What are some benefits of multiple species pastures/hayfields?

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typically have higher protein and are more digestible.

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What are the benefits to sod-seeding?

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What are the sod-seeding principles?

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and are ways to control competition from existing vegetation.

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refers to the ability of a forage to support desired levels of animal performance.

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Forage quality is a function of and .

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Palatability refers to the and of feedstuffs to an animal.

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Crude protein represents the total content in the diet ( as well as ).

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X 6.25 = CP

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provides an indication of the total amount of energy from a feed that can be available fore use by the animal.

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Non starch carbohydrates are simple carbs such as and that can be and digested by the animal.

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are major structural carbs present in plant cell walls.

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Cellulose is by rumen microbes.

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Hemi-cellulose is more digestible than but less than starches and sugars.

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is a major structural component found in plant cell walls and is .

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As in the plant increases, digestion decreases.

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Total digestible nutrients (TDN) is the measure of value in a feed.

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Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is a close estimate of the amount of total in a feedstuff.

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NDF is generally composed of , , and .

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Acid detergent fiber (ADF) is the least portion of a forage.

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ADF includes and .

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TDN =

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NDF =

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ADF =

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(NIRS) rapidly and reproductively measures the chemical composition of a feed sample.

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is based on the fact that each of the major chemical components of a sample has a characteristic near infrared light absorption.

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= near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

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Relative feed value is used to compare the potential of two or more like forages on the basis of .

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RFV =

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RFV of 100 is equivalent to...

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What is RFV based on?

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What is NDF an indicator of?

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What is ADF an indicator of?

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RFQ of 100 is equal to?

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RFQ takes into account what?

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DMI =

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RFQ =

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If the RFQ is higher it is also what?

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What factors affect forage quality?

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Certain species of plants posses certain compounds that interfere with .

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Drought stress may digestibility.

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Stage of maturity has greater effect on value than any other factor.

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of cell wall occurs with maturity. the more mature the more lignin if found in the cell wall.

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With maturity: increases but decreases

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White clover is digestible for longer because of what?

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Which is more digestible for longer?

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Nitrogen generally has little effect on what?

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is where soluble carbohydrates build up in the plant during . Plants use those soluble carbohydrates over night.

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1/2 inch of rain decreases TDN by what?

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1 inch of rain will decrease TDN by what?

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If hay is left uncut each day after 4 weeks TDN will drop per day.

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How should hay be orientated for all day sun exposure?

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Soil compaction is a reduction in pore space therefore, it also...

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compaction = compaction that occurs in the surface "plow layer"

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/ compaction = compaction that occurs below the plow layer

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What is the equation for bulk density?

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What is the equation for porosity?

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Reduction in pore space and reduction in yield are effects of .

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Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in water issues. Check all that apply to water issues.

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Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in plant development issues. Check all that apply to plant development issues.

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What are the 3 main causes of compaction?

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Total axle load, contact pressure between the tire and soil, and soil moisture affects what type of compaction?

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Greater axle load and wet soil conditions depth of compaction

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Check all that apply to livestock traffic.

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Continuous plowing or disking at the same depth causes just below the depth of tillage.

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To manage compaction with equipment traffic what should be done to decrease the depth of soil compaction?

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Proper rotation of livestock can prevent soil compaction as well as reduce in high traffic areas.

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depth should vary from year-to-year to reduce chances of hardpan development.

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What is used to measure soil compaction?

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Penetrometers are supposed to mimic .

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A dynamic penetrometer does what?

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A static penetrometer does what?

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What does a penetrometer use to measure soil compaction?

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The depth at which penetrations falls below psi is recorded by the penetrometer.

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What is a "lot" of hay defined as?

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How many cores should be pulled from each lot?

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How much hay should be submitted for analysis?

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What length of probe should be used to collect samples?

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What diameter of probe should be used to collect the cores?

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What are the reasons for having forage sampled?

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The most limiting factor in the forage is the amount of what that the animal consumes?

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A high quality forage is one that contains large concentrations of what?

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What is the southeastern categorization RFQ value for Choice hay?

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What is the southeastern categorization RFQ for standard hay?

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In the southeastern hay contest held annually in conjunction with the Sunbelt Ag Expo, samples can be thrown out due to too high levels of what two items?