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Organic matter _________ slowly in the cold, ________ _____ on the forest floor
Fires during summer droughts can burn through the forest floor for _______ or ________
Conifers that can withstand winter freezes grow in the _______ _______
Tundras above ____ latitude no longer feature trees
The topsoil ________ in winter and _______ in summer
A permanently frozen layer of soil called ___________ chills the topsoil, limiting plant and microbe growth
Simple short vegetation including _______, ______, _______, and _______ grow here
Tundras occur in the ______ and the ________ _________
The order of biomes from the equator to higher latitudes is
The ______ of a species marks the areas where it is found
The dispersal of _________ within that range depends on ________ ________
The set of optimal conditions for a niche species in its environment
determined by natural selection describes a species ________ ________
The fixed geological area where an organism can most easily grow and reproduce describes an organisms __________ __________
The actual range of individuals within its fundamental niche describes an organisms _______ ______
_________ _________ drives the evolution of populations over time
Natural Selection ensures the transmission of traits _________ for the organism’s ________ to future generations
Over time, a species will _______ more and more from its ancestors as it _______ to its
environment
An organism's ___________ involve responses to the ___________ of a particular environment
Evolution involves changes in an organism’s ________ _________
Genetic information is stored as _______________ ______, also know as _____
DNA stores instructions for the creation of ________ by the body
Every gene has _____ ____ _____ that code for different forms of a protein
Each form of a specific gene is called an allele
In _________ __________, the offspring receives one set of alleles from the mother
and one set from the father
The specific combination of alleles in an organism comprises its _________
Alleles code physical features called the phenotype
_______ __________ in a population will shift as alleles that produce useful adaptations are passed on
Charles Darwin described the causes of natural selection in his book : ____ _______ ___ ________
________ variations must exist among the individuals of the species
Genetic variations affect the _______ and reproduction rates of the individuals
________ ________ involve a population’s interactions with each other
Population Dynamics determine the population ______ and ___________
Population size measures the ________ of organisms
Population abundance measures the _________ of individuals
________ ________, ________ ________, and ___________ ___________ all alter population size
A patchy, disconnected habitat limits population ________
_________ whales might travel ____ ________ kilometers to reach their breeding grounds
Only one mammal, the _____ ____, has been able to disperse to Hawaii
________ ________ determines the type of population distribution
Natural populations with patchy habitats typically form _______ ____________ in a
metapopulation
Occasional _________ and _________ occur between the subpopulations of a metapopulation
_____ and _____ _____ control population size and abundance in the subpopulations
The metapopulation’s size depends on the balance between ___________ __________ and the ___________ of new patches of habitat
The proportions of each age group in a population forms its _____ _________
_________ birth and survival rates at each age level creates stable growth
Carefully altering _______ _______ at each age level can manage population size
A population with many young individuals will ______, while a population with many old individuals will likely ______
Kenya, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia are countries experiencing ______ growth
The United States, Australia, and Canada are countries experiencing ______ growth
Denmark, Austria, and Italy are countries experiencing ______ growth
Germany, Hungary, and Bulgaria are countries experiencing ________ growth
Population growth follows _________ patterns
Populations that reproduce in fixed intervals, such as annual plants, grow
____________
Populations, such as India's at the moment, that reproduce constantly, grow ____________
The _______ most populated nation, India had over _________ people in
2014
More than half of the population of India is under ____ years old
India has a high annual population growth rate of ______ percent
By ______, India will be the world’s most populated country
As the population grows to the maximum number of individuals the environment can support, population growth rates decrease in _________ _______
The maximum number of individuals an environment can support is called the _______ ________
Carrying capacity depends on ________ ________
Many factors limit population _____ and prevent _______ growth
Density independent factors limit population growth regardless of _____
Extreme conditions like hurricanes, fires, and floods are examples of ________ ________ ________
_________ _________ factors impact the growth rate in proportion to the size of the population
Competition, crowding, disease, and stress have more impact in _______ ___________ sizes
Density dependent factors tend to promote _______ at low population sizes
Density dependent factors limit growth when the population size nears the _________ _________
__________ interactions occur between members of the same species
_________ _________ cause competition and stress, which are density dependent
factors
Animals develop _______ and _______, while plant _______ and _______ production
decreases
__________ interactions occur between individuals of different species
Resource limitations decrease the ________ ______ of all individuals in the species, potentially leading to ________
