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Just a practice test from the back of the textbook.

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Caleb Herring
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Pschology Chapter 7 practice test

Frage 1 von 20

1

Learning is defined as "the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring______ or________"

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Information

  • Action

  • behaviors

  • hardships

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Frage 2 von 20

1

Two forms of associative learning are classical conditioning, in which the organism associates ______________ and operant conditioning, in which the organism associates__________.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • two or more responses; a response and consequence

  • two or more stimuli; two or more consequences

  • two or more stimuli; a response and consequence

  • two or more responses; two or more stimuli

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Frage 3 von 20

1

In Pavlov's experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a(n)____________ Stimulus.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Conditioned

  • Unconditioned

  • Neutral

  • Partial

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Frage 4 von 20

1

Dogs have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. this process is an example of?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pro-social behavior

  • discrimination

  • Shaping

  • acquisition

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Frage 5 von 20

1

After Watson and Rayner classically conditioned Little Albert to fear a white rat, the child later showed fear in response to a rabbit, a dog, and a sealskin coat. this illustrates

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • extinction

  • generalization

  • spontaneous energy

  • discrimination between two stimuli

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Frage 6 von 20

1

Thorndike's law of effect was the basis for_____ work on operant conditioning and behavior control.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pavlov's

  • Skinner's

  • Dr. Adam's

  • Freud's

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Frage 7 von 20

1

One way to change behavior is to reward natural behaviors in small steps, as they get closer and closer to a desired behavior. This process is called________

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Discrimination

  • modeling

  • acquisition

  • Shaping

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Frage 8 von 20

1

your dog is barking so loudly that it's making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking, your ears ringing, and you think to yourself, "If I'll have to do that when he barks again." The end of the barking was for you a________

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • positive reinforcer

  • Negative reinforcer

  • positive punishment

  • negative punishment

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Frage 9 von 20

1

reinforcing a desired response only some of the times it occurs is called?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • positive reinforcement

  • negative reinforcement

  • Partial reinforcement

  • continuous reinforcement

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Frage 10 von 20

1

A restaurant is running a special deal. After you buy four meals at full price, your fifth meal will be free. this is an example of a_______ schedule of reinforcement

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • fixed-ratio

  • variable-ratio

  • fixed-interval

  • variable-interval

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Frage 11 von 20

1

the partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after unpredictable time periods is a __________-________ schedule.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Variable-Interval

  • fixed-ratio

  • fixed-interval

  • variable-ratio

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Frage 12 von 20

1

a medieval proverb notes that "a burnt child dreads the fire." In operant conditioning, the burning would be an example of a

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • primary reinforcer

  • negative reinforcer

  • punisher

  • positive reinforcer

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Frage 13 von 20

1

Which research showed that conditioning can occur even when the unconditioned stimulus does not immediately follow the neutral stimulus?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • The Little Albert experiment

  • Pavlov's experiments with dogs

  • Watson's behaviorism studies

  • Garcia and Koelling's taste-aversion studies

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Frage 14 von 20

1

Taste-aversion research has shown that some animals develop aversions to certain tastes but not to sights or sounds. this finding supports

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Pavlov's demonstration of generalizaation

  • Darwin's principle that natural selection favors traits that aid survival

  • Watson's belief that psychologists should study observable behavior, not mentalistic concepts

  • the early behaviorists' view that any organism can be conditioned to any stimulus

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Frage 15 von 20

1

Evidence that cognitive processes play an important role in learning comes in part from studies in which rats

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • spontaneously recover previously learned behavior

  • develop cognitive maps

  • exhibit respondent behavior

  • generalize responses

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Frage 16 von 20

1

Parents are most effective in getting their children to imitate them if

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • their words and actions are consistent

  • they have outgoing personalities

  • one parent works and the other stays home to care for the children

  • they carefully explain why a behavior is acceptable in adults, but not in children

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Frage 17 von 20

1

Most experts agree that repeated viewing of TV violence

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • makes all viewers significantly more aggressive

  • has little effect on viewers

  • dulls viewers sensitivity to violence

  • makes viewers angry and frusterated

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Frage 18 von 20

1

rats that explored a maze without any reward were alter able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. the rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated _____________

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • punishment

  • Shaping

  • Latent learning

  • pro-social behavior

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Frage 19 von 20

1

Children learn many social behaviors by imitating parents and other models. this type of learning is called

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • behaviorism

  • Observational learning

  • respondent behavior

  • modeling

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Frage 20 von 20

1

Some scientists believe that the brain has __________ that enable observation and imitation

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • cognitive maps

  • Mirror neurons

  • reinforcement schedules

  • pro-social behaviors

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