What is a Metabolic pathway?
Metabolic energy that is captured more easily if it is released in large amounts rather than in small
A series of steps (in cells) in which molecules are broken down OR assembled
substrates fit onto the enzyme in such a way that they are oriented to react.
Enzymes catalyze (speed up) reactions in metabolic pathways
Energy transformations are always 100% efficient.
Organisms are open systems (constant energy in-flow).
Shape determines protein function. Enzymes are proteins.
Substrate molecules bind to Enzymes active sites
What is chemical energy responsible for?
Chemical energy determines how active certain chemicals in your bloodstream are
Providing living cells with energy from food
Providing the energy the body needs to regulate the amount of chemicals in the body.
All of the above
What is encode?
one must attend
one must review
one must rehearse
What does it mean to consolidate?
One must review
One must attend
One must rehearse
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Unified Cell Theory?
All living things are composed of one or more cells
All new cells arise from existing cells
A network of protein fibers that maintain the shape of the cell
The cell is basic unit of life (the smallest entity that can be “living”)
Which of the following is NOT a component of Plasma Membrane
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Ribosomes
Phospholipids
Which of the following does not stand true for Membrane Functions and molecules that perform functions:
Carbohydrates→ “identification tags” showing type of cell and whether it belongs in organism
Proteins→ “doors” and “pumps” for transporting molecules in or out of the cell
Cholesterol→ gives stability to fluid membrane of animal cells and responds to temperature conditions in the cell’s environment
Ribosomes→ a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cell
Osmosis→ diffusion of water molecules across a permeable membrane
Flows from high to low→ molecules, from high to low concentration
Which of the following does NOT require energy?
Sugars flowing through protein channels from high blood levels to low levels in brain cells
Movement of sodium ions from low concentration outside a cell to higher concentration inside a cell
Moving fat or lipid molecules from low concentration in the blood to high concentration in fat storage cells
Which of the following DOES require energy?
Flow of oxygen-rich red bloods cells, to oxygen-starved muscle cells during exercise
Diffusion of water or gases through the membrane.
-In all the cases below, blood sugar (glucose) is flowing into a cell, through a channel protein in the cell membrane. In which case will the flow of sugar be fastest?
Sugar concentration outside the cell: 10%. Sugar concentration inside the cell: 3%
Sugar concentration outside the cell: 6%. Sugar concentration inside the cell: 3%
Sugar concentration outside the cell: 10%. Sugar concentration inside the cell: 9%
Catabolic pathway: → (energy out, exits; exergonic)
Anabolic pathway: → (energy in, enters; endergonic)
Thermodynamics: Takes in →comes out as heat or makes you move, grow, etc.
Prokaryote is
Eukaryote is a
Which type of energy is stored within the bonds of all the food molecules we eat?
Heat Energy
Potential Energy
Light Energy
Kinetic Energy
Heat Energy→ energy that is created as a byproduct of energy transfers and transformations
What is energy required for? Choose an answer
Sleep
Synthesis & breakdown of molecules
Heavy labor & exercise
Bioenergetics→ concept of flow through living systems like cells
Passive transport: needed: When things flow from high to low (water pressure, air pressure, water elevation, electricity)
Active transport: : When things are pumped from low to high (concentration, charge, pressure)
Osmosis: Diffusion of across permeable membrane
Contractile Vacuoles: Squeeze excess water out of a so it does not explode
Diffusion: movement of particles from to
2nd Law of Thermodynamics→ Energy transports are never 100% efficient
Thermodynamics: Takes in calories→comes out as heat or makes you move, grow, etc.
1st Law of Thermodynamics→ states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant and conserved; i.e. there has always been and will always be exactly the same amount of energy in the universe
Catalyst- Breaks things up , shoves them together
Enzyme: A protein with a certain region called active site, will grab a particular molecule(substrait), will break up the molecules so that it could absorb into enzyme
Enzymes are not catalysts
Potential Energy→ the energy in the motion of the object
Kinetic Energy→ the energy in the motion of the object
