Replication

Translation

Cytokinesis

An increase in the number of mitochondria

Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide

Lactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans and galactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in yeast

Lactose is an enzyme and galactose is a hormone

Galactose is a sugar found in milk but lactose is not found in milk

Slower rate of exchange of waste materials

Faster heat loss

Faster rate of mitosis

Slower intake of food

They express some of their genes but not others

They all have different genetic composition

Different cells contain a different set of chromosomes

Different cells do not have some chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes pair

Synthesis of protiens

Homologous chromosomes separate

DNA replicates

As separate objects

As one object

In more detail

In less detail

0.001

100

400

1000

Animal cells burst when they take in excess water by osmosis whereas plant cells do not.

Plant cells store cellulose whereas animal cells store starch

Animal cells have ribosomes whereas plant cells do not

Plant cells have a cell wall where as animal cells have a cell membrane

By mitosis

By meiosis

By budding

By binary fission

Excellent resolution throughout magnification range

Biological material is easy to prepare and stain

Movement of living cells can be seen

Mesosome

Ribosome

Mitochondrion

RER

Small structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that have more than one function

Membrane bound structures found near the nucleus of all cells

Discrete structures found inside all cells that have specific functions

Specialised cells inside an organ that have one function

Ribosome and Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus and ER

Mitochondrion and ER

Mitochondrion and ribosome

Nutrition but not reproduction

Nutrition and reproduction, but not excretion

Nutrition, reproduction and excretion but not transmission of nerve impulses

Nutrition, reproduction, excretion and transmission of nerve impulses

A group of cells that develop independantly

A group of organs that have the same function

A group of cells that have the same function

A group of organs that have the same structure

The cells have interacted to become brain cells

The cells have evolved that way

Some genes are expressed while others are not

All genes are expressed in the brain

Protein Channels

Phospholipid bilayer

Phosphate heads

Cholesterol tails

Carbohydrate chains attached to membrane proteins

Protein tails attached to phospholipids

Carbohydrate tails attached to phospholipids

Protein channels attached to cholestrol

The concentration gradient

Nature of transport substances

Amount of water

Amount of solute

ER

Nuclear envelope

Lysosomes

Cell Membrane

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondia

Lysosomes

Ribosomes

Wheat cells

Potato cells

Liver cells

Bacteria

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active Transport

Pinocytosis

Size

Kinetic energy

Speed

Concentration

Shrink

Increase in Weight

Decrease in Weight

Stay the same

Osmosis

Diffusion

Active Transport

Pinocytosis

Prophase

Interphase

Metaphase

Mitosis

Excretion

Nutrition

Reproduction

Respiration

a change in a gene or chromosome

a condition cause by a recessive allele

a process used in genetic engerneering

a type of discontinuous variation

cell membrane

chloroplasts

cytoplasm

nucleus

Breathing

Nutrition

Respiration

Transpiration

a fluid filled sac

a jelly like substance

a surrounding wall

a tiny green disc

Carbon dioxide goes out through the stomata of a leaf

Digested food is absorbed from the small interstine

Oxygen goes into the blood from an alveolus

Water enters a plant root from the cell

Breathing oxygen

Regulation blood in glucose

Removing undigested food through the anus

Urinating to empty the bladder

All animal and plants

Animals only

Arthropods and flowering plants only

Plants only

Down a concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane

Down their concentration gradient through a permeable membrane

Up their concentration gradient through a partially permeable membrane

Up their concentration gradient through a permeable membrane

Group of tissues that have combined to form a single structure

Group of cells that develop in the same with the same structure and function

Discreet structure found inside a cell

Group of organs within an organism, that together carry out a process

A cytoplasm enclosed in a plasma membrane

A cytoplasm enclosed in a cell wall

A nucleus enclosed in a cell membrane

A nucleus enclosed in a cell wall

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Golgi apparatus

Two separate identical chromosomes

Two related chromosomes

Two identical halves of a chromosome tied together

None of these

Animal cell

Plant cell

Protist cell

Bacterial cell

Centrosome

Centromere

Spindle

Kinetochore

Spindle fibers

Poles

Microtubules

Centrioles

Storage of fate

Formation of mitochondria

Storage of energy

Formation of cell walls

A cell in the G2 phase would be smaller that a cell in the G2 phase

A cell in G2 phase would have more mitochondria than a cell in G2 phase

A cell in the G1 phase would have more DNA in its chromosomes than a cell in the G2 phase

DNA replication occurs in the G1 phase but not the G2 phase

Adhesion only

Cohesion only

Adhesion and Cohesion

Evaporation

Adhesion

Cohesion

Adhesion and cohesion

Evaporation

Expansion

Contraction

Evaporation

Surface Tension

Condensation

Hydrolysis

Hydrogen bonds

Covelent bonds

Hydrogen bonds are broken

Hydrogen bonds are formed

Covalent bonds are broken

Covalent bonds are formed

1

2

3

4

Breaking hydrogen bonds

Forming hydrogen bonds

Breaking covalent bonds

Forming covalent bonds

Two positively charged corners and two negatively charged corners

Two positively charged corners and one negatively charged corners

One positively charged corners and two negatively charged corners

One positively charged corners and one negatively charged corners

C5H10O5

5CH12O6

C30H60O30

D30H52O26

5

6

19

20

Condensation

Hydrolisis

Polymerization

Dehydration synthesis

Cellulose

Lignin

Starch

Glycogen

3

4

5

7

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

3 fatty acids and glycerin

One sugar and 3 fatty acids

More than one gycerol

Production of lactose-free milk so that more people can consume dairy products.

As a dietary supplement to aid in protein digestion of milk.

For use in coagulation milk proteins to make cheese.

To improve protein consumption in developing countries that lack milk.

Slower rate of exchange of waste material.

Faster heat loss.

Faster rate of mitosis.

Slower intake of food

Ribosome and Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondrion and ribosome

Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide.

Lactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans and galactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in yeast.

Lactose is an enzyme and galactose is a hormone.

Galactose is a sugar found in milk but lactose is not found in milk

0.5 nm

2 nm

0.5 micro m

2 micro m

Absorption of glucose by active transport.

Exchange of plasmids between cells.

Increasing the surface area for oxygen diffusion.

Preventing internal pressures from bursting the cell.

They have more genes than unicellular organisms.

Properties of unicellular organisms are enhanced by having many cells.

All of their genes are expressed whereas unicellular organisms express only some.

They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells.

Half as much.

Same amount

Twice as much

One tenth as much

100nm to 1 micro m

1 micro m to 10 micro m

10 micro m to 100 micro m

100 micro m to 1 mm