ribose and nucleotide base ribose and nucleotide base

deoxyribose and nucleotide base

ribose and phosphate

deoxyribose and phosphate

two nucleotide bases

Is constant across each chromosome

Strongly influences gene expression Strongly influences gene expression

Cannot impact heritable traits

Requires only a few proteins

Because of the anti-parallel nature of DNA

Because RNA synthesis is required

Because of the energy requirement for fidelity/proof-reading

Because the ssDNA binding proteins bind 5' to 3'

Codes directly for proteins without any intermediary

Is contained in the nucleus in prokaryotes

Utilizes hydrogen bonds to maintain sugar-phosphate backbone stability

None of the above

Uses deoxynucleotides for chain termination

Can be performed using chemical methods

Requires the ability to recognize the base at each position

Relies on DNA polymerase that must be thermally stable

Engages DNA ligase and ssDNA binding proteins

Proteins | DNA

RNA | Proteins

DNA | Proteins

Polysaccharides | DNA

To extend the 5'-end of linear DNA

To shorten the 5'-end of linear DNA

To extend the 3'-end of linear DNA

Not important to normal cells

Dependent on an internal DNA template for extending DNA

Generates effects that can be inherited

Affects germ cells primarily

Can result in the production of a protein required by an individual

Has no side effects

decab

ecbad

debac

acbed

Is carried out by multiple independent proteins that do not associate

Utilizes the DNA clamp and clamp loader to coordinate the leading and lagging strands

Differs significantly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the basic proteins required

Results in high levels of errors that cannot be repaired by DNA polymerase activity

The key process in RFLP analysis

Limited to genomic DNA

Used to amplify DNA sequences

Is the key process for DNA cloning

Performed at a single temperature

Alpha-glycosidic

Beta-glycosidic

Phosphodiester

Peptide

5'-CCTAAAAACAGGTGTTAGT-3'

5'-TGATTGTGGACAAAAATCC-3'

5'-ACTAACACCTGTTTTTAGG-3'

5'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-3'

Phosphodiester backbone

Major groove

Minor groove

Center of stacked base pairs

To be recognized readily

To facilitate ease of opening to initiate transcription

To promote primase binding

To ensure a unique sequence

Initiates at a single origin

Requires duplication of histones as well as DNA strands

Uses mechanisms that destroy patterns of histone modification

Utilizes enzymes that differ significantly from prokaryotic replication

Contain two sets of three histone monomers

Include histone and non-histone proteins

Package DNA into a compact form

Are more tightly packaged when serine is phosphorylated

Are more tightly packaged when lysine is acetylated

Are required to sequence DNA

Are required to reproducibly generate specific fragments of DNA

Protect DNA in eukaryotic organisms

Cannot be helpful in identifying individuals

Ribose and nucleotide base

Deoxyribose and nucleotide base

Two deoxynucleotide bases

Ribose and phosphate

Deoxyribose and phosphate

Mistakes can be made during the replication process, but most are detected and corrected by DNA polymerases

This process utilizes a semi-conservative mechanism

Organisms can generally tolerate a high error rate in replication

This process engages a large number of proteins

Are composed solely of amino acids

Are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Protect the ends of linear DNA Protect the ends of linear DNA - correct

Synthesize DNA 3' to 5'

Has numerous highly repetitive sequences

Contains approximately 3 million base pairs

Contains approximately 3 million genes that encode proteins

Uses over 30% of the sequence in coding proteins

Is restricted to eukaryotes that are diploid

Is only used in repairing dsDNA breaks that occur randomly

Is a complex process that repairs dsDNA breaks

Does not require strict control

5'-CGATGTCC-3'

5'-GCTACAGG-3'

5'-GGACATCG-3'

5'-ATGCGCTA-3'

Helicase

DnaA

DNA primase

Topoisomerase

DNA polymerase

Gene size (in terms of number of base pairs) is directly proportional to DNA size

Gene density (number of genes per base pair) differs between eukaryotic organisms

Gene density in eukaryotes is similar to prokaryotic organisms

The number of genes is directly proportional to the number of chromosomes

The number of genes is directly proportional to DNA size

Targets the same genes in the same way for all species

Is unimportant

May vary significantly for the same organ in different species May vary significantly for the same organ in different species - correct

Is the same for all cell types

DNA polymerase

DNA ligase

DNA primase DNA primase - correct

DNA helicase

ssDNA binding proteins

Is not importantIs not important

Is the same for all species

Is essential in determining what proteins are produced Is essential in determining what proteins are produced - correct

Is determined by protein coding regions

3' to 5' | 3' to 5'

3' to 5' | 5' to 3'

5' to 3' | 5' to 3'

5' to 3' | 3' to 5'

Adenine and guanine will always be present in different molar amounts

Cytosine and thymine will always be present in different molar amounts

Purines and pyrimidines will always be present in different molar amounts

Purines and pyrimidines will always be present in equivalent molar amounts

Lowers the amount of energy required for replication

Increases the amount of energy utilized by DNA polymerase

Provides coordination of leading and lagging strands Provides coordination of leading and lagging strands - correct

Is designed to protect ssDNA