The first Carthaginians were
Phoenicians
Romans
Babylonians
The Carthaginians traded along which sea
Atlantic
Mediterranean
Pacific
Polybius was a
Greek historian
Roman historian
French politician
Polybius travelled to the places he wrote about
Polybius NEVER interviewed Roman soldiers about their army days
Polybius was given access to the Roman archives to write his Histories
Carthage offered protection to Sicily as originally
It was a Phoenician city
It was a Greek city
It was a Roman city
By 300BC Carthage had removed the Greeks and taken Sardinia and Southern Spain from them. This gave Carthage lots of
Wine and bread
Raw materials and manpower
Silver
In order to trade with Carthage, the Romans had to
beg the Carthaginian government and bribe the Carthaginian merchants
send soldiers to fight in the Carthaginian army, and share its profits with Carthage.
In 348 BC the Carthaginians restricted where Romans could sail and what they could do.
In 348 Carthaginian traders were excluded from Sardinia and Libya, and the Western Mediterranean. This left Rome to continue to expand her control of trade in these areas.
: In 280 BC Carthage and Rome united against the Greeks. The Greeks had hired a mercenary his name was
Militiades
Pyrrhus
Themistocles
Geoff
The Mamertines (mercenaries) approached Carthage about an alliance – but when Carthage created a garrison in their city – the Mamertines went to Rome. After a debate the Romans decided to
reject the Mamertine offer of an alliance
ally with Carthage
risk war with Carthage
Hannibal's father was
Hasdrubal the Fair
Hasdrubal the unclean
Hamilcar Barca
Hannibal fought alongside which brother in the Second Punic Wars
Hanno
Hasdrubal
Hannibal's family powerbase came from Carthaginian territory in North Africa
Hannibal attacked Saguntum because
His father made him swear an oath, he wanted to provoke war with Rome, Saguntum could be used to attack Hannibal's African lands
His father made him swear an oath, he wanted to provoke war with Rome, Saguntum could be used to attack Hannibal's Spanish lands
When asked to surrender the city of Saguntum refused and Hannibal killed or sold into slavery the entire city
How did Rome react to Saguntum's capture
They immediately declared war on Carthage and began to move against Barca family holdings in Spain
Offered the Carthaginian council choice of peace if they surrendered Hannibal to their justice or their would be war.
Hannibal's plan to attack Rome was to
Build a series of forts along the borders of Spain and fight a defensive war when Rome attacked
Take the fight to Rome by invading Italy
Hannibal expected the Romans to seek revenge for Saguntum – and would rather meet them in France.
Hannibal wanted to cross the Rhone because It would be easy for the Romans to bring their troops into Northern France. Rome had lots of friends in France.
Hannibal knew he would get support from the Gauls (barbarian tribes) in Southern France and Northern Italy
The Romans sent P.C Scipio to stop Hannibal –
but he was too quick and missed the arrival and ended up in New Carthage
but he was too slow and by the time he arrived in the Rhone – Hannibal was crossing the Alps
Scipio came down with influenza and was unable to make the trip sending his deputy instead
The Rhone - Hannibal fought his way through Southern France tribes. This allowed him to get to the Rhone before Rome
Messalia was a Roman ally – it persuaded the tribe on the other side of the Rhone to attack Hannibal.
Hannibal sent a small army 50 miles north to cross the Rhone. This army would attack his enemies by surprise.
When he knew his army were in place he pretended to march across the Rhone. The Gauls leapt in the water. Then Hannibal ordered his secret army to attack – The Gauls fled as they knew they had lost.
When he knew his army were in place he pretended to march across the Rhone. The Gauls leapt in the water. Then Hannibal ordered his secret army to attack – The Gauls attacked and fought to the last man holding up Hannibal's army for 2 days
Scipio failed to stop Hannibal crossing the Rhone as he relied on a group of Gauls – the Volcae – to prevent Hannibal from crossing. This group were not as well trained as Roman soldiers
Some historians claim P.C Scipio forced Hannibal to cross the Alps. They argue
Hannibal did not want to cross them – but he had to choose a battle with Rome in France or cross the Alps.
Hannibal mistook the coastal route with the alps and basically got lost
Hannibal had made an alliance with Magilus – a Padane Gaul – before crossing the Alps. Magilus’ people had just been freed by Rome.
Hannibal tried to use his war chest (Gold and silver trinkets) to buy safe passage. Some historians believe this actually encouraged some Gaul tribes to attack.
The Sioux offered guidance to Hannibal. This was a trick – but Hannibal was prepared and put his baggage animals at the front. His supplies were stolen – but he managed to retreat until the Sioux moved on.
At Mt. Du Chat Hannibal was attacked by Gauls.
Hannibal sacrificed baggage animals to allow his best fighters to kill the Gauls. He then attacked their city, killed everyone and stole their supplies.
Hannibal sacrificed baggage animals to allow his best fighters to kill the Gauls. He then made peace with their city and bought supplies.
Hannibal lost over a 1/3 of his men and elephants. He lost nearly all of his supplies. This meant about 50,000 men survived and about 50 elephants.
