Psychology Final Exam study guide

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Studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for

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Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between

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Clinical psychologists specialize in

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the specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

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correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors

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A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +1.00 would indicate that

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Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate

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Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned

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Early psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James focused on the study of

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A statement describing the exact procedures for measuring an anticipated experimental outcome is known as a(n)

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Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?

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Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's

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From the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of

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The nature–nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ________ make to the development of psychological traits.

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Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

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The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it

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The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of ________ on feelings and behaviors.

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Critical thinking is smart thinking that involves

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A biological psychologist would be most interested in conducting research on the relationship between

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Auditory stimulation is first processed in the ________ lobes.

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Information is carried from the central nervous system to the body's tissues by

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The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems work together to keep you in a steady internal state called

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Neurotransmitters are released from knob-like terminals at the end of the

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Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing

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An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to
Select one:

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neural networks refer to

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Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?

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If your ________ is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the movements of your right hand.

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The impact of our cultural backgrounds on the development of our personal values best illustrates

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The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the

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A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called

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The principle of natural selection was first advanced by

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The central nervous system consists of

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A synapse is a(n)

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The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.

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An axon is

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The part of the brainstem that helps to coordinate movements is called the

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The parasympathetic nervous system

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Gender identity refers to

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Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Which of the following most clearly highlights Mr. Eskenazi's gender typing of his children?

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A boy who exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates the influence of

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When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Vijay does not cry because he has learned that boys are not expected to. Vijay's behavior best illustrates the importance of

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Children tend to organize their worlds into male and female categories. This best illustrates the importance of

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Compared with men, women experience a greater risk of

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Gender typing refers to the acquisition of

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The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a

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A gender role refers to

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Compared with females, males use conversation to

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Compared with boys, girls are more likely to play in ________ groups.

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The roles assigned to women and men

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A study of phone communication in France indicated that women make phone calls than men and stay connected for a period of time when talking to other women than men do when talking to other men.

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Social learning theory emphasizes that

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Although Wendy is genetically male, she dresses in women's clothes in order to express her strong sense of identity as a female. Wendy could best be described as

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The first appearance of secondary sex characteristics is most likely to be associated with the onset of

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Maturation refers to

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According to Piaget, accommodation refers to

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Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in temperament?

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A child's temperament is likely to be

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According to Erikson, adolescence is to identity as late adulthood is to

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At age 12, Sean is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self-image. It is most likely that Sean's parents are

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Babies are born with several reflexes for getting food. One of these is to

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Brad and Jane exercise very little control over their two young children, and they usually allow them to do whatever they want. Psychologists would characterize Brad and Jane as ________ parents.

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Cognition refers to

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Most victims of childhood sexual abuse become normal adults. This best illustrates

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Erik Erikson suggested that the major psychosocial task of middle adulthood was to discover a sense of contributing to the world by being productive. According to Erikson, those who do this effectively demonstrate

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According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents ________ morality.

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Lawrence Kohlberg focused on the development of

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According to Erikson, teens who suffer role confusion have not yet

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According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to

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The cocktail party effect provides an example of

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a disinhibitor is a substance that makes you less impulsive

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Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

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Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to a

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Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes is called

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Patients who have negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure may experience increased postoperative pain. This best illustrates the importance of

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For some people, hearing certain sounds may activate color-sensitive regions of the cortex so as to trigger a sensation of color. This phenomenon is called

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A gestalt is best described as a(n)

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Parapsychology refers to the

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Our sense of the position and movement of individual body parts is called

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Rods are

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Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?

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Accommodation refers to the

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A mental set is most likely to inhibit

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Experts would agree that intelligence is mental ability to learn from experience.

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A person who can imagine many alternative uses of a paper clip best illustrates

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The heritability of intelligence refers to

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A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people is a(n)

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People with opposing views of capital punishment reviewed mixed evidence regarding its effectiveness as a crime deterrent. As a result, their opposing views differed more strongly than ever. This best illustrates

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Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as “75 percent lean” than to ground beef described as “25 percent fat.” This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by

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Semantics refers to the

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Conditioning is the process of

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In classical conditioning, generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the

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A child learns to stop fighting with his brother when the fight leads to suspension of the child's TV-viewing privileges. In this case, the suspension of TV-viewing privileges is a

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Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)

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Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)

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Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of

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A mnemonic is a

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chunking refers to the organization of information in to large groups not meaningful ones

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process of encoding refers to getting info into memory

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process of getting info out of memory is called

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Elevated levels of stress hormones most clearly contribute to developing

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Compulsive gamblers frequently recall losing less money than is actually the case. Their memory failure best illustrates

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Conscious rehearsal of what you just heard a friend tell you requires

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Retention of skills and classically conditioned associations without conscious recollection is known as ________ memory.

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According to Freud, the unconscious is

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The MMPI is an example of a(n)

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In response to stress, the adrenal glands release

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Psychologists define stress as

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A general sense of happiness or life satisfaction is most unrelated to whether people

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One of the major pillars of the positive psychology movement involves the study of

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Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the

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Subjective well-being refers to

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An aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need is called a(n)

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The James-Lange theory of emotion states that

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Maslow referred to the needs for purpose and meaning that lie beyond the self as

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A disorder in which a person loses contact with reality and experiences irrational ideas and disordered perceptions is a

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In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a “word salad”?

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The onset of schizophrenia is typically associated with early

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Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

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A basic element of all effective psychotherapies is the

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A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is

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A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who

everything that needs to be known

Psychology Final Exam study guide

Studying people of all races and cultures is most helpful for

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between

Clinical psychologists specialize in

the specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors

A correlation between physical attractiveness and dating frequency of +1.00 would indicate that

Political officials who have no doubt that their own economic and military predictions will come true most clearly demonstrate

Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned

Early psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and William James focused on the study of

A statement describing the exact procedures for measuring an anticipated experimental outcome is known as a(n)

Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's

From the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of

The nature–nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ________ make to the development of psychological traits.

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it

The placebo effect best illustrates the impact of ________ on feelings and behaviors.

Critical thinking is smart thinking that involves

A biological psychologist would be most interested in conducting research on the relationship between

Auditory stimulation is first processed in the ________ lobes.

An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to
Select one: