Monoamine pharmacology -Antidepressant drugs - Dr. Emma Robinson

What are the emotional symptoms of depression? (2)

What are the biological symptoms of depression? (2)

What are the cognitive symptoms of depression? (2)

Which mood disorder is bipolar?

What are the four main characteristics of mania?

What are the two main possible causes of depression?

What monoamines are thought to be affected in the monoamine theory?

What evidence is there in support of the monoamine theory? (5)

What evidence is there against the monoamine theory?

Why does a varying response to treatment not necessarily undermine the monamine theory?

What is neuroplasticity/neurodegeneration in depression caused by?

How can stress lead to neurodegeneration? (3)

How does stress lead to the release of cortisol?

How does glutamate release lead to cell death?

How does detrimental gene transcription lead to depressive symptoms? (2)

Which area of the brain can neuro-degeneration be seen in depressed patients?

What are the three ways of increasing monoamine function in the CNS?

What is moclobemide?

What is fluoxetine (prozac)

What is Mitrazapine?

What are the four types of typical anti-depressants?

What is the mechanism of MAOI?

Which monoamine(s) does MAOa prefer?

Which monamine(s) does MAOb prefer?

At which other receptors can MAOI act and cause side effects?

What is the CHEESE reaction?

Why are reversible MAOI better than irreversible MAOI?

What is the therapeutic index for MAOI like?

Give an example of a irreversible and a reversible MAOI?

What is the mechanism for TCAs?

Which adrenoreceptor do TCAs also effect? What side effects does this lead to?

Which other receptors can TCAs target? What does this effect?

What is the therapeutic index of TCAs like?What can this lead to?

What is the only way of preventing death once an overdose has been taken?

Which opioid agonist reacts badly with TCAs?

On which MA does clomipramine act?

On which MA does amitriptyline act?

Which MA does desipramine act on?

Why do SSRIs show less side effects?

What are the 5 benefits of SSRIs?

Which 5-HT receptor is responsible for mediating weight gain?

What are the 5-HT side effects caused by SSRIs?

Through which 5-HT receptor is nausea mediated?

Through which 5-HT receptor is Anorexia mediated?

Through which 5-HT receptors is weight loss mediated?

Through which 5-HT receptors is sexual dysfunction mediated?

What are the 5 atypical types of anti-depressants?

What is.... (4)
Who ... it used for?
What does ... increase?
VENLAFAXINE

TRAZEDONE

MITRAZAPINE

What is agomelatine?

Explain how mirtrazapine works and why the effects of elevated 5-HT works mainly through 5-HT1 receptors?

How is electroconvulsive therapy performed?

What are the changes that come about from ECT? (2)

What are the three theories as to why onset of antidepressants are delayed?

Describe the two parts of the Neurochemical and neuroadaptive theory (receptor activation)

Explain the neuroplasticity/neurogenesis theory.

Explain the cognition theory (2)

With a placebo what percentage of patients see a response in 8 weeks?

How do you treat mild/moderate depression?

How do you treat severe depression?

What is the first line of drugs?

What is usually the second line?

How longs should you take ADs following remission?

With which type of drugs are you most likely to see 'discontinuation syndrome'

In how many patients does discontinuation syndrome occur in?

What are the symptoms of discontinuation syndrome? (5)

Is discontinuation syndrome more common with paroxetine or fluoxetine?

Over what time scale do concentration of paroxetine and fluoxetine need to be reduced?

What is Lithium Carbonate

What is lithium carbonate most effective and controlling but why does the patient need careful monitoring?

How does Lithium carbonate work? (3)

What is valproic acid and how can it be used to reduce mania?

What is Carbamazepine and how does it help treat mania?

What is olanzapine

BIPOLAR DISORDER
What are the first and second line treatments for..
ACUTE MANIC EPISODES

PROPHYLAXIS

What are combination treatments for bipolar disorder?

With prophylactic treatment:
What are the relapse percentages after
1) With treatment after 1 year?
2) With treatment after 5 years?
3) Without treatment after 1 year?

What else can SSRIs be used to treat? (5)

What can TCAs (name one specifically) be used to treat other than depression?

What can 5-HT/NA reuptake inhibitors be used for other than depression (eg Duloxetine)

What is a drug that could be used to treat depression with a rapid onset?