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Closely examine the principles of genetic inheritance and the theory of evolution Use theoretical models to explain behaviour

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Evolution, genetics and behaviour

Frage 1 von 43

1

Who is the father of principles of genetic inheritance in 19th century

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Gregor Modana

  • George Mandel

  • Gregor Mendel

  • Georger Mandal

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Frage 2 von 43

1

How does the genetic inheritance process works in terms of Genes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Genes is made of RNA> DNA> Protein> influences genotype

  • Genes is made of DNA> Protein > influences phenotype

  • Genes is made of DNA> Protein> RNA> influences phenotype

  • Genes is made of DNA> RNA> Protein> influences genotype

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Frage 3 von 43

1

Genotype influences outward manifestation (physical appearances, behaviour)

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 4 von 43

1

Phenotype is responsible for outward manifestation such as genetic blueprint

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 5 von 43

1

Can same genes have different types of alleles?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 6 von 43

1

Genes come in pairs. When pairs are different (different alleles), what are they called?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heterozygous

  • Monozygous

  • Homozygous

  • Diffzygous

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Frage 7 von 43

1

Genes comes in pairs. What are same pairs (same alleles) called?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heterozygous

  • Monozygous

  • Homozygous

  • Similarzygous

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Frage 8 von 43

1

Genes can be either dominant or recessive. What does dominant genes show?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Dominant genes show its effect on phenotype only in the monozygyous conditions

  • Dominant genes show its strong effect on phenotype only in homozygous conditions

  • Dominant condition shows its strong effect on phenotype in either homozygous or monozygous conditions.

  • Dominant condition shows its strong effect on phenotype in either homozygous or heterozygous conditions.

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Frage 9 von 43

1

Genes can be dominant or recessive. What does Recessive gene effect?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Recessive gene shows its effects only in heterozygous conditions

  • Recessive gene shows its effect only in homozygous conditions

  • Recessive genes only shows its effect in monozygous conditoions

  • Recessive gene shows its effect regardless of its alleles condition

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Frage 10 von 43

1

For example: Food aversion= genes ability to taste PTC (phenylthiocarbamide). Which two of the following statement is true for ability to taste PTC.

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Medium sensitivity of tasting PTC requires mixture of genes.

  • Low sensitivity of tasting PTC requires dominant genes.

  • High sensitivity of tasting PTC requires dominant genes.

  • High sensitivity of tasting PTC requires recessive genes.

  • Medium sensitivity of tasting PTC requires dominant and recessive genes.

  • Low sensitivity of tasting PTC requires recessive genes.

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Frage 11 von 43

1

Parents with Tt and Tt allele leads to :
- 25% chances of Homozygous TT
-50% chances of recessive genes-tt
- 25% chances of heterozygous - Tt

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 12 von 43

1

Suppose a boy and his father have a high sensibility to taste PTC. What can we predict about the boy's mother?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • She has a higher sensitivity to taste PTC

  • She must be a heterozygous taster

  • It is not possible to predict any of the above

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Frage 13 von 43

1

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, including 2 pairs of sex chromosomes. There are 2 types of sex chromosomes: X & Y.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 14 von 43

1

Sex-limited gene is present in both sexes. But in what chromosome is it generally active in one sex.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sex-linked

  • Autosomal

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Frage 15 von 43

1

What does strong resemblance between monozygotic (identical) than dizygotic (non identical) twins suggest:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • genetics contribution

  • environmental contribution

  • They are better than non-identical twins

  • combination of heredity and environmental

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Frage 16 von 43

1

What kind of evidence do researchers rely on to determine the contribution of heredity and environment.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins

  • Comparing children with parents

  • Comparing siblings

  • Comparing distant cousins with subject

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Frage 17 von 43

1

When assessing studies on adopted children, what does any tendency for adopted children to resemble their biological parents suggest:

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Heredity influence

  • Environmental influence

  • Parental influence

  • Pre-natal influence

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Frage 18 von 43

1

Suppose a boy and his father cannot taste PTC. What can we predict about the boy's mother?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • No prediction possible

  • She has high sensitivity to taste PTC

  • She is either a heterozygous PTC taster or a Nontaster

  • She has low sensitivity to taste PTC

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Frage 19 von 43

1

What is false?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sex-linked genes are X-linked

  • Genes come in pairs

  • There are 23 genes

  • None of the above

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Frage 20 von 43

1

What is true?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Humans evolved from monkeys

  • Humans are the end product of primate evolution

  • Analogy refers to common ancestry

  • None of the above

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Frage 21 von 43

1

What is analogy?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Similarities in function that evolved independently

  • Difference in function that evolved independently

  • Similarities that evolved over time.

  • Species descendent from the same origin

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Frage 22 von 43

1

Pre-natal influences may seem to show________ effects

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • genetic

  • environmental

  • parental

  • condtional

  • Combination of genetic and environment

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Frage 23 von 43

1

What type of methods now make it possible for psychologist to identify specific genes linked to a disorder. For example certain genes tend to be more than averagely found in people with depression.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Biochemical methods

  • Pre-genetical methods

  • Genetical methods

  • Heredity scanning methods

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Frage 24 von 43

1

It is a trait that confers higher fitness to individuals than other existing alternatives within the population. It has (or will) spread through the population as a result of natural selection. Which term is here referred to?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Adaptation

  • Evolution

  • Phylogeny

  • None of the above

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Frage 25 von 43

1

Natural selection is the process that occurs when individuals differ in their traits and the differences are correlated with differences in reproductive success.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • True

  • False

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Frage 26 von 43

1

Why is it difficult to control people's heredity or environment or even estimate heredity influence causing an error when assessing adopted studies?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Difficult to distinguish between heredity and prenatal influences

  • Individuals may hide their true intentions when being examined

  • You cannot control peoples life experiences such as the friends they choose to associate with

  • Parents may have different style of parenting, compared to their biological parents.

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Frage 27 von 43

1

If identical twins are raised in different families and behave the same must this indicate a genetic influence?

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 28 von 43

1

Evolution is a change over generations in the frequencies of various genes in a population.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 29 von 43

1

According to Charles Darwin (1859) natural selection occurs when certain traits are more successful than other traits. Because of that particular trait, causes higher fitness in individuals making them more adaptable. Correctly identify 4 of these traits that contributes to higher fitness

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Finding food

  • Being attractive

  • Escaping enemies

  • Strong

  • Protecting offspring

  • Producing many offsprings

  • Having financial resources

  • Adapted to environment

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Frage 30 von 43

1

Mutations of genes occasionally introduce new heritable variations that can harm an individuals chances of:

Select two answers

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Survival

  • Reproduction

  • Attractiveness

  • Financial resources

  • Health

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Frage 31 von 43

1

Select four answers that show evidence of existence of evolution.

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Fossil record

  • Similarities of related life forms

  • Documented evidence from ancestors

  • Rapid population changes in organisms

  • Geographic distribution

  • Language and communication has evolved e.g. cave drawings

  • Anatomy has evolved with skull size increasing

  • Changes in climate reflect the evolution

  • Philosophical leaders have often described this in their work

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Frage 32 von 43

1

Where is sex-linked genes located?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Sex chromosomes

  • autosomal chromosomes

  • Chromosomes

  • in every gene

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Frage 33 von 43

1

What are autosomal chromosomes?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • All other gene except sex-linked genes are found there

  • Every gene is found in autosomal chromosome

  • Automatically renewal genes are found there

  • None of the above

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Frage 34 von 43

1

We know that the size Y-chromosome is small. With only limited genes to produce ___ proteins of fewer. Whats the magic number?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 21

  • 32

  • 27

  • 26

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Frage 35 von 43

1

According to Arnold (2004), X-chromosome has genes that can produce ____ approximately proteins. Whats the magic number?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • 1,000

  • 1,350

  • 1,500

  • 1,750

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Frage 36 von 43

1

Why are Sex-linked chromosomes located on the X chromosomes?

Because...

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • X Chromosomes consists of special genetical make-up

  • Y chromosome is considered weak therefore biologically X chromosome appears to be more compatible

  • X Chromosome has the capacity to make more protein than Y.

  • Y chromosomes very small therefore less likely to carry genetic information

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Frage 37 von 43

1

Real-application: X-linked gene is recessive for _______ colour vision deficiency.

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • blue-green

  • red-green

  • red-yellow

  • yellow-green

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Frage 38 von 43

1

Issue with X-linked gene producing red-green colour vision deficiency affects more men than women. Why?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Because women's genes are able to compensate for the deficiency

  • Because men are not able to compensate for the deficiency, due to a lack of X chromosome

  • Because men are highly affected by it due to their increased chances of inheriting recessive genes

  • Women do experience this too, although are too scared to report it

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Frage 39 von 43

1

Functional explanation for the behaviour of language and laughter is simply that it strengthens bond among the society, thus improving their fitness.

Wähle eins der folgenden:

  • WAHR
  • FALSCH

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Frage 40 von 43

1

What functions does the phylogenetic continuity serve? (Select two)

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Testing for the evolutionary roots of human behaviours

  • Testing for the evolutionary roots of organism behaviours

  • Examining gradual changes within traits

  • Examining the similarities and differences among common ancestors

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Frage 41 von 43

1

Why are animals used in research?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Learn about human evolution

  • Learn about mechanism of behaviour in animals and humans

  • improve animal welfare and conservation management

  • Learn more about our common ancestors

  • Learn more about similarities and differences between organism

  • Animals can help us understand how to function efficiently in habitat

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Frage 42 von 43

1

Why do primates play a special role in psychology?

Wähle eine der folgenden:

  • Phylogenetic closeness

  • Functional closeness

  • Ontogenetic closeness

  • Primates are our ancestors

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Frage 43 von 43

1

What three social behaviours of primates are psychologist interested in?

Wähle eine oder mehr der folgenden:

  • Social groups

  • Benefits and costs of group living

  • Communication

  • Survival

  • Food hunting

  • Gender roles

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