What shape is a sp3 hybridised C?
Tetrahedral
Trigonal planar
Linear
What shape is a sp2 hybridised C
What shape is a sp hybridised C
Alkanes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. True or false?
Alkenes are reactive than alkanes because the delocalised electrons make them susceptible to attack by electrophiles.
Alkenes undergo
Alkynes are reactive than alkenes.
Alkynes undergo
Substitution reactions
Electrophilic addition reactions but at a quicker rate than alkenes
Nucleophilic substitution reactions
Electrophilic addition reactions but at a slower rate than alkenes
Arenes are and
Arenas do not behave like alkenes and alkynes because they
What type of molecule is benzene?
Planar
Benzene is a colourless liquid.
Boiling point of benzene?
90 degrees
100 degrees
70 degrees
80 degrees
Melting point of benzene
5.5 degrees
10 degrees
3 degrees
2.5 degrees
1 degrees
Label this drug molecule
The halogen atom on an alkylhalide atom is attached to what other atom?
Trigonal sp2 carbon atom
Tetrahedral sp carbon atom
Trigonal sp3 carbon atom
Tetrahedral sp3 carbon atom
Trigonal sp carbon atom
The bond in alkylhalide are non-polar.
are good leaving groups in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Alkyl fluorides and fluorocarbons are relatively unstable.
Although the halogen-alkane bond is polar, they do not have a
Although the halogen-alkane bond is polar, they do not
Although the halogen-alkane bond is polar, they are generally _____
less lipophilic than corresponding non-halogenated molecules
more hydrophilic than corresponding non-halogenated molecules
more lipophilic than corresponding non-halogenated molecules
less hydrophilic than corresponding non-halogenated molecules
Tick all that is correct about halogens in drugs
Generally make the drug more lipophilic than corresponding non-halogenated molecules
Generally make the drug less lipophilic than corresponding non-halogenated molecules
Halogenated drugs are less readily metabolised than non-halogenated forms
Halogenated drugs are more readily metabolised than non-halogenated forms
Tick all that is correct about DDT
Persistent in the environment
Chemically unstable
Chemically stable
Highly resistant to metabolism
Not very resistant to metabolism
Short-chain alcohols are
The interaction between short-chain alcohols and water can be explained
A permanent dipole exists in alcohol because of ...
Electronegativity of the hydrogen
Electronegativity of the oxygen
Electropositive oxygen
Electropositive hydrogen
R-OH dissociates to give
R-OH accepts a
Acidity of alcohols depends on the
pKa is the of acid dissociation constant
Acidity of molecule is increased if it has near the -OH group
Acidity of molecule is also dependent on if the rest of the molecule can
Phenols are than alcohols.
Phenoxide ions are
What does the -OH functional group do and in what condition?
Relate the O- to the stability of the molecule
Fluorine is strongly electronegative.
The C-F bond in fluorine is polarised.
In fluorine, the partially positive charge on the carbon the negative charge on the hydroxyl group.
Tick all that is correct about the reactivity of phenols.
Readily oxidised
Not so readily oxidised
Products are colourless because of the conjugated bonds
Products are frequently coloured because of the conjugated bonds
Contribution of alcohols to the properties of drugs: tick all that is correct about hydrogen bonding
Decreases the polarity of molecule
Increases the polarity of molecule
Adds to water solubility but generally not sufficient alone to ensure full water solubility
Ensures full water solubility
Involved in drug-target interactions as either a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor
Label this molecule
Tick all this correct about ethers
Do not have hydrogen attached to the oxygen
Can be hydrogen bond donors
Can be hydrogen bond acceptors
Show full water solubility
Show partial water solubility
Solubility increases with chain length
Solubility decreases with chain length
Ethers can form
Ethers are generally non-reactive