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Of the following, the most inclusive taxon (classification group) is the
Order
Phylum
Class
Genus
Family
All of the following lines of evidence can be used to determine relatedness among organisms EXCEPT
morphological similarities due to convergence
similarities in life cycle and development
similar DNA sequences
examination of the fossil record for evidence of common ancestry
The scientific name of the fruit fly is properly written as
Drosophila melanogaster (both words in italics)
drosophila melanogaster (both words in italics)
Drosophila Melanogaster (both words in italics)
Drosophila melanogaster (only the first word is in italics)
drosophila melanogaster (neither word is in italics)
A taxon, all of whose members have the same common ancestor is
paraphyletic
monophyletic
polyphyletic
Convergent evolution could cause a taxonomist to assume mistakenly that
two unrelated species are closely related
two closely related species are unrelated
members of different subpopulations of the same species are unrelated
Which of the following would be most useful for constructing a cladogram showing the taxonomic relationships among several fish species?
several analogous characteristics shared by all the fishes
a single homologous characteristic shared by all the fishes
the total degree of morphological similarity among various fish species
several characteristics thought to have evolved after different fish diverged from one another
a single characteristic that is different in all the fish
Phylogeny is the study of
fossils
the names of organisms
evolutionary history of organisms
reproductive isolating mechanisms
convergent evolution
The common housefly belongs to all of the following taxa. Assuming you had access to textbooks or other scientific literature, knowing which of the following should provide you with the most specific information about the common housefly?
order Diptera
family Muscidae
genus Musca
class Insecta
phylum Arthropoda
According to the cladogram shown, which organisms are most closely related?
Exosperman and Bubbia
Belliolum and Drinys
Exosperman and Tasmannia
Exosperman and Drinys
Belliolum and Bubbia
According to the phylogenetic tree, which organisms are the least related to each other evolutionarily?
Trilobita and Chelicerata
Crustacea and Myriapoda
Insecta and Myriapoda
Insecta and Crustacea
Trilobita and Insecta
According to this phylogenetic tree, annelids are most closely related to ____.
arthropods
mollusks
nematodes
cnidarians
platyhelminths
According to this phylogenetic tree, the clade that includes echinoderms and chordates is most closely related to the clade that includes ____.
poriferans
According to this phylogenetic tree, cnidarians are most closely related to ____.
annelids
echinoderms
A ____ is a monophyletic group made up of an ancestor and all of its descendants.
maximum likelihood
clade
lineage
Which of the following is a group of organisms used as a point of reference for comparison with the groups of primary interest?
outgroup
sister species
homologous pair
In a phylogenetic study, the group of organisms of primary interest is the ____.
binomial nomenclature
ingroup
A ____ is a group of related, similar species recognized by taxonomists with a distinct name used in binomial nomenclature.
genus
parsimony
What is the scientific study of the diversity ad relationships among organisms?
systematics
____ are two phylogenetic groups that are each other's closest relatives.
sister clades
ancestral trait
What is "a biological group (typically a species or clade) that is given a name"?
phylogenetic tree
taxon
derived trait