Final Exam Review Integrated Science Fall 2013

What are the three types of rock?

If granite undergoes high temperatures and high pressures at depth within Earth, what type of rock
will be formed?

A rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface is called an ____.

A rock that forms from cooling lava

When large masses of magma solidify far below Earth’s surface, they form igneous rocks that have

Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will form
igneous rocks with a ____.

What is the correct order of sedimentary rock
formation?

Fossils are only found in ____.

A fault is ____.

What is the source of an earthquake?

What causes earthquakes?

What are the three types of seismic waves?

Which seismic waves travel most rapidly?

Which seismic waves are the most destructive?

What is the minimum number of seismic stations that is needed to determine the location of an
earthquake’s epicenter?

A travel-time graph can be used to find the ____.

The distance between a seismic station and the earthquake epicenter is determined from the ____.

An earthquake’s magnitude is a measure of the ____.

What instrument records earthquake waves?

The amount of shaking produced by an earthquake at a given location is called the ____.

The trace that records an earthquake from seismic instruments is called a ____.

How much of an increase in wave amplitude is seen from an earthquake measuring 5.4 on the Richter
scale compared to one measuring 4.4?

A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under ____.

Why do earthquakes often cause damaging fires?

What layers of Earth make up the lithosphere?

Earth’s thin, rocky outer layer

boundary between the crust and the mantle

Through which Earth layer are S waves NOT transmitted?

Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to
form

The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called

The main reason Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis was rejected

the ________ is divided into plates

plate boundary where two plates grind past each other without destroying or
producing lithosphere

boundary where two plates move together

results when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates

forms when one oceanic plate is forced beneath another plate

According to the property of paleomagnetism

age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge

A magma’s viscosity is directly related to its

Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?

Most of the information about Earth’s interior was obtained by studying ____.

The greatest concentration of metals occurs in Earth’s

One kind of evidence that supports Wegener’s hypothesis is that ____.

According to the theory of plate tectonics, ____.

What is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?

Strips of alternating magnetic polarities found in rocks in the ocean basins ____.

How does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?

The main source of downward convection flow in the mantle is called ____.

Which list places the magma types in order of decreasing viscosity (most viscous listed first)?

A volcanic bomb is a ____.

The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called ____.

Large particles of hardened lava ejected from a volcano are called ____.

What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments?

The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are ____.

A volcano that is fairly symmetrical and has both layers of lava and pyroclastic deposits is a ____.

The most violent volcanic eruptions are associated with what type of volcano?

A large depression in a volcano

The landform formed when the volcanic pipe remains after most of the
cone has been eroded is called a ____.

Structures that form from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth’s surface are ____.

Which type of intrusive feature forms when magma is injected into fractures cutting across
preexisting rock layers?

What horizontal intrusive igneous body is formed when magma is injected parallel to
sedimentary bedding planes?

Magma forms when solid rock in the crust and upper mantle ____.

Magma tends to rise towards Earth’s surface primarily because ____.

The volcanic landforms at divergent ocean plate boundaries are ____.

Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ____.

What are the major types of mountains?

At a continental-continental convergent boundary, ____.

What is the major type of stress that occurs at convergent plate boundaries?

Coastal plains are also reffered to as

To determine distance east and west, you would use lines of

Areas of equal elevation are connected by _____lines.

To detrmine the location on a map, you can use