Practice Set (7) - Flow Phenomena / Vascular Imaging / Cardiac Imaging

Blood flow that has consistent velocities within a vessel is known
as what type offlow

Blood flow that has randomly different velocities is known as what type of
flow

Blood flow that has high velocities in the center of the vessel but spirals near
walls of a vessel due to a stricture is known as what type of flow

Blood flow that slows to a point of immobility is known as what type of flow

Blood flow velocity is measured in what type of unit

Which of the following is the formula that is used to calculate blood flow
velocity

Blood flow velocity is greatest near which area of the vessel

Blood flow velocity at a given point is dependent upon which factor

During peak systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, blood flow velocities are
dependent upon what factor(s)

Which of the following vessels has the highest peak velocity

Which of the following vessels has the slowest peak velocity

Typical peak velocities of the ascending aorta are usually within what range

Typical peak velocities of the distal aorta and iliac vessels are usually
within what range

Typical peak velocities of the proximal carotid, brachial and superficial
femoral arteries are usually within what range

Typical peak velocities of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries are
usually within what range

Typical peak velocities of the vertebral and basilar arteries are usually within
what range

The speed at which blood flows through an excited slice and only receives
one RF pulse is known as what type of phenomenon

To produce signal in a spin echo pulse sequence, blood flow must receive
both the 90 degree and the 180 degree RF pulse.

Blood flow that receives a 90 degree excitation pulse but not a 180 degree
rephasing pulse produces what type of signal

Blood flow that receives a 180 degree rephasing pulse but not a 90 degree
excitation pulse produces what type of signal

The magnitude of time of flight phenomenon effects is dependent upon which
factor(s)

As blood flow velocity increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon

As blood flow velocity decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon

As the echo time increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon

As echo time decreases, the effects of time offlight phenomenon

As slice thickness increases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon

As slice thickness decreases, the effects of time of flight phenomenon

In a gradient echo pulse sequence, blood flow that receives the initial RF
pulse produces what type of signal

The flow phenomenon that is characterized by the contrast differences
between fresh flowing nuclei entering a slice and stationary tissue within
that slice is known as

Entry slice phenomenon is most prominent in what slice of the area scanned

The effects of entry slice phenomenon are dependent upon which factor(s)

When TR is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

When TR is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

When slice thickness is increased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

When slice thickness is decreased, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

When the velocity of flow increases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

When the velocity of flow decreases, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

The direction of blood flow is an important factor in determining the effects
of entry slice phenomenon

Blood flow that travels in the same direction in which the slices are acquired
is known as what type of flow

Blood flow that travels in the opposite direction in which the slices are
acquired is known as what type of flow

When the direction of blood flow is opposite the direction in which slices are
acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

When the direction of blood flow is the same as the direction in which slices
are acquired, the effects of entry slice phenomenon

The flow phenomenon that is characterized by phase differences between
flowing and stationary nuclei within a voxel is known as

The magnitude of intra-voxel dephasing is dependent upon which factor(s)

In which of the following types of flow can intra-voxel dephasing be
compensated for

The use of an additional gradient to correct the effects of intra-voxel
dephasing is a technique known as

Gradient moment nulling is most effective on which type of flow

The effects of time of flight and entry slice phenomena can be minimized by
which method

The method of acquiring more than one echo that are multiples of each other
to reduce intra-voxel dephasing is known as

Which of the following conventional MRI techniques can be used to produce
contrast differences between vascular structures and stationary structures

Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a black
appearance in vascular structures

Which of the following is the conventional technique used to produce a
bright appearance in vascular structures

The vascular imaging method that maximizes vascular contrast while also
suppressing stationary tissue is known as

Which of the following is a method used inMRAto suppress stationary
tissue

Which of the following is a method used in MRA to increase signal from
vascular structures

The type of MRA that uses gradient echo pulse sequences and gradient
moment nulling to enhance flow is known as

In TOF MRA, which method is used to suppress signal from stationary
tissue?

TOF MRA is most sensitive to blood flow that flows in what direction in
relation to the slice

Which of the following is a disadvantage of TOF MRA

Which of the following is an advantage of TOF MRA

Which of the following TOF MRA sequences is most likely to saturate slow
flow

The type of MRA that produces image contrast based on the differences in
phase shifts between blood flow and stationary tissue is known as

Which of the following type of MRA uses a bipolar gradient to enhance
vascular structures

Which of the following is a type of image that is produced by phase contrast
MRA?

Which of the following is an advantage of phase contrast MRA

Which of the following is a disadvantage of phase contrast MRA

Which of the following PC MRA techniques provides the highest signal to
noise ratio and spacial resolution

The method that is most commonly used to reduce artifact produced by
cardiac motion when scanning the chest is known as

Two types of cardiac gating that are most commonly used are known as

The P wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle

The QRS wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle?

The T wave of the ECG represents which phase of the cardiac cycle

During cardiac gating, which wave is used to trigger each pulse sequence

During cardiac gating, the time between two consecutive R waves is known
as

The ECG wave with the highest electrical amplitude is known as the

During cardiac gating, TR is dependent upon which factor(s)

During cardiac gating, which factors are affected by having an effective TR

During cardiac gating, the waiting time between the R wave and the start of
the data acquisition is known as

During cardiac gating, the waiting time before each R wave is known as

During cardiac gating, which of the following is the formula used to calculate
available imaging time

The type of cardiac gating that detects the increase in blood volume in the
capillary bed during systole is known as

During cardiac gating, one R-R interval and a short TE is used to produce
what type of image