GCSE EDEXCEL CHEMISTRY ADDITIONAL [C2]

Topic 1
Atomic structure and the periodic table

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements in the periodic table?

Where are the metals and non metals found in the periodic table?

Describe the structure of an atom

What is the size of the nucleus?

What is the relative charge and relative mass of: a proton, a neutron and an electron?

Atoms contain equal numbers of?

Explain the meaning of the terms: atomic number, mass number and relative atomic mass

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an element?

What happens to the numbers of relative atomic masses?

What are the rules about the filling of electron shells?

What is the connection between the number of outer electrons and the position of an element in the periodic table?

Topic 2
Ionic compounds and analysis

What can atoms of different elements do?

How are ionic bonds formed?

What is an ion?

What is the formation of ions?

Why are 'IDE' and 'ATE' used in the names of compounds?

Deduce the formula of ionic compounds (including oxides, hydroxides, halides, nitrates, carbonates and sulfates) given the
formula of the constituent ions.

What is the structure of ionic compounds as a lattice structure?

Describe and explain the properties of ionic substances?

Describe the solubility of common types of substances in water?

How can insoluble salts be formed as precipitates?

What is the method needed to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt?

How do you prepare an insoluble salt by precipitation?

How do you form a precipitate?

Why is barium sulfate, given as a
‘barium meal’ to X-ray patients?

Why did chemists use spectroscopy (a type of flame test)?

Topic 3
Covalent compounds and separation techniques

What is a covalent bond?

What happens when atoms make covalent bonds with one or more other atoms?

Explain the formation of simple molecular, covalent substances using dot and cross diagrams?

Classify the different types of elements and compounds?

Describe the properties of typical simple molecular, covalent compounds?

What are the differences between the
properties of simple molecular, covalent substances and giant molecular, covalent substances?

Explain why graphite is used to make
electrodes and as a lubricant, whereas diamond is used in cutting tools?

Describe the separation of two immiscible liquids?

Describe the separation of mixtures of miscible liquids?

Describe how paper chromatography can be used to separate and identify components of mixtures?

Evaluate the information provided by paper chromatograms, including the calculation of Rf values.

Topic 4
Groups in the periodic table

Classify elements as alkali metals, halogens, noble gases, and transition metals based on their position in the periodic table?

Describe the structure of metals?

Describe and explain the properties of metals?

What are the typical properties of transition metals?

Elements and compounds
can be classified as?

Describe an alkali metal?

Describe the reactions of lithium, sodium and potassium with water to form hydroxides?

Describe the pattern in reactivity of the alkali metals lithium, sodium and potassium with water?

What are the colours and physical states of the halogens at room temperature?

Describe the reaction of halogens with metals to form metal
halides?

What do halogens react with?

What is the displacement reactions of halogens reacting with halide ions in solution?

Describe the relative reactivity of the halogens?

Why are the noble gases chemically inert?

How did the chemists discover the noble gases?

What are the uses of noble gases?

What are the patterns in the properties of the noble gases?

Topic 5
Chemical reactions

How would you measure the temperature changes during any of these four reactions?
1) salts dissolving in water
2) neutralisation reactions
3) displacement reactions
4) precipitation reactions

What is an exothermic reaction?

What is an endothermic reaction?

The breaking and making of bonds are what?

What is the overall heat energy
change for a reaction?

Draw and interpret simple graphical representations
of energy changes occurring in chemical reactions

Investigate the effect of temperature, concentration and surface
area of a solid on the rate of a reaction such as hydrochloric acid
and marble chips

How do you investigate the reaction of Marble chips and Hydrochloric acid?

How do the rates of chemical reactions vary?

Describe the effect of changes in temperature, concentration and
surface area of a solid on the rate of reaction

What is the effect of using finer particles of a solid?

Do all collisions lead to a reaction?

What is a catalyst?

What is the effect of a catalyst on the rate of reaction?

What do catalytic converters in cars have?

Topic 6
Quantitative chemistry

Calculate relative formula mass given relative atomic masses

Calculate the formulae of simple compounds from reacting
masses and understand that these are empirical formulae

How do you find the empirical formula?

Determine the empirical formula of a simple compound, such as
magnesium oxide

Calculate the percentage composition by mass of a compound
from its formula and the relative atomic masses of its constituent
elements

Use balanced equations to calculate masses of reactants
and products

What is the yield of a reaction?

What is the actual yield of a reaction?

Calculate the percentage yield of a reaction from the actual yield and the theoretical yield?

why do reactions not give the theoretical yield?

What are the disadvantages of reactions producing waste products?

Chemists in industry work to find the economically most favourable reactions where?

Describe atoms of a given element?