Continentality and seasons

Coastal locations receive more rainfall as moisture laden winds blow on shore

The proximity of the sea keeps temperatures colder in summer and warmer in winter

Continental interiors experience much hotter summers and colder winters

The specific heat capacity of the sea is much lower than of the land

Land warms up and cools down faster, this is called continentality

It is colder at the poles as the sun is hitting at an angle and there is a big surface area to heat up

It is hotter at the equator as the sun is hitting at a direct angle and there is a smaller surface area to heat up

In the British summer the Earth tilts away from the sun.

In the winter the Earth tilts away from the sun

There are no seasons in the equator as the Earth is always tilted at the same angle to the sun

When beams of light hit the atmosphere some are absorbed and some are reflected. So when there are places far away from the equator less sunlight reaches them because the curvature of the earth means that the light rays have to pass through more of the Earth's atmosphere to reach places like the UK

Air masses bring weather characteristics of the places they have passed over.