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Which functions is nervous control involved in?
Name three ways in which the 'information' in the nervous system can be propagated.
Why are ion channels important in the nervous system?
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
What are the two divisions of the central nervous system?
What are the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
What are motor neurons divided into?
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Generally, what can the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system be said to be responsible for?
Describe somatic motor neurons.
Describe autonomic motor pathways.
What are the cell bodies of sensory neurons found?
Describe a somatic efferent pathway.
What is the difference between a somatic efferent pathway and an autonomic efferent pathway?
What is significant about sympathetic chain ganglia in generating responses?
Describe sympathetic cAMP signal transduction.
Describe sympathetic phospholipase C signal transduction.
Why are sympathetic cAMP and phospholipase C signal transduction mechanisms a good example of divergence?
What type of membrane protein is the nicotinic ACh receptor?
What type of membrane protein is the muscarinic ACh receptor?
What is a reflex?
Describe the typical steps of a reflex arc.
Why would the assumption that a monosynaptic neuron reflex has minimal modulation be incorrect?
List four ways of classifying neural reflexes.
What are autonomic/visceral reflexes usually involved in regulating?
Where are autonomic/visceral reflexes integrated?
Give a generalised sequence of events in an autonomic reflex.
In the pupillary light reflex, what division of autonomic control causes constriction of the pupil?
Which areas of the brain are involved in the pupillary light reflex?
Outline the sequence of events in the pupillary light reflex (for both constriction and dilation).
What is the pupillary light reflex?
What is the baroreceptor reflex?
Where are the baroreceptors predominately?
What are baroreceptors sensitive to?
When are baroreceptors active? Where to do they send impulses to?
Name two sensory nerves that relay information between the aortic arch and internal carotid arteries and the medulla in the baroreceptor reflex.
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system acts to raise blood pressure if it has dropped?
Outline the sequence of events in the baroreceptor reflex (for both lowered and raised blood pressure).
What is the main integration centre of the autonomic nervous system?
At the conscious level, which areas of the brain can have control over the autonomic nervous system?
What are the effectors of somatic reflexes?
List three sensors involved in somatic reflexes.
Which types of receptors do proprioceptors include, and what do they sense?
Describe the structure of a muscle spindle.
What part of muscle spindle innervation allows for greater control over movement?
Describe α-γ co-activation.
Muscle spindles are involved in which reflex?
What is a myotactic unit?
What is the purpose of Renshaw cells?
What do Renshaw cells do with motor neuron input?
What reciprocal inhibition is involved in Renshaw cell activity?
Describe the structure of a Golgi tendon organ.
What is the function of the Golgi tendon reflex?
Describe the Golgi tendon reflex.
What reciprocal activity is involved in the Golgi tendon reflex?
What are pain receptors also known as?
Describe the sequence of events in the flexor/pain reflex.
In reflexive movement, there is predominately spinal integration, and some input to the brain. How do postural reflexes differ?
What is feedforward stimulation in postural reflexes?
What is the difference between rhythmic movements and somatic reflexes? What is similar?
Where are rhythmic movements integrated?
After initiation, what happens to the control of rhythmic movements?
Describe the sequence of events in the control of voluntary movement.
