Chapter 4: The Exchange of Ideas

The Scientific Method

1. Identify the problem or question
2. Gather information on the problem
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Experiment to test the hypothesis
5. Record and analyse data
6. State a conclusion
7. Repeat the steps

Astronomy
-Thought that Earth was the center of the universe
-Galileo helped change worldview by disproving that theory

Medicine
-Galileo and Leonardo Da Vinci dissected bodies
-Francois Rabelais was a humanist scholar and physician
-Published copies of classical medicinal works

Math
-Tool for understanding the universe
-Important part of the Renaissance
-Mathmatics is used by painters, sculptures, engineers, architects and musicians

Key Concepts of Math During Renaissance
-Concept of zero
-Decimal system
-Perspective

First Nations View on Sickness
"For every sickness on this Earth, there is a medicine under your feet."
-Rely on the wisdom of elders
-Use lots of plants
-Focus on the spiritual, emotional and physical self
-Medicine women/men help to establish harmony between people and nature

Nicolous Copernicus
How discovery was made: Ideas from Greek times that weren't accepted during the classic time period
Discoveries: Earth orbits around the sun and the sun doesn't move

Johannes Kepler
How discovery was made: Attempted combining the theories of Ptolemy and Copernicus. Spent 20 years using math trying to prove his ideas
Disoveries: That planets move in an elliptical orbit, not perfect circles

Galileo Galilei
How discovery was made: Built telescopes to study space
Discoveries: Confirmed that the sun was the center of the universe. Also saw sun spots, craters, mountains on the moon, the stars of the Milky Way and Jupiter's moons

Galileo's ideas conflicted with the belief, knowledge and society aspects of worldview.

Isabelle D'este
-At 16 married the Duke of Mantua
-Their court became the center of learning, music and the visual arts
-Known as 'The First Lady of the World'
-Very political, effective leader

Machiavelli
-Believed that men were ungrateful, fickle, liars, deceivers, fearful of danger and greedy
-Thought it was better as a political leader to be feared than loved
-Wrote the book 'The Prince'

Girolamo Savonarola
-Dedicated to fighting off corruption
-Unofficial leader of Florence
-Hated Pope Alexander VI
-Organized the 'Bonfire of the Vanities' where he burnt things that he believed brought people further away from God including;
Wigs
Make-up
Fancy clothing
Art
Books

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Ideas changing in Renaissance Europe