Which of these is true about disc herniations?
sequestration occurs when the annulus fibrosus breaks off from the interveterbral disc
disc degeneration occurs when the nucleus pulposus is pushed outside of its margins but still within annulus fibrosus
extrusion occurs when the nucleus pulposus is completely out of the annulus fibrosus
prolapse is the breaking off of the nucleus pulposa outside of annulus fibrosus
Disc herniations occur more frequently in the geriatric population.
❌ disc herniations may result in compression of the C3, C4 and C5 nerves ultimately depressing the action of the ❌ possibly causing ❌.
Which of these is true about lumbar disc herniations?
Presence of lumbar disc herniation results in pain the lower extremities.
Up to 50% of adults have a lumbar disc herniation and are asymptomatic.
Lower back pain almost always caused by lumbar disc herniation.
If a patient presents with lower extremity pain and images show a lumbar disc herniation the pain is caused by the herniation.
Loss of function in upper or lower extremities due to compression of the spinal cord is . Loss of function in a specific region that is secondary to compression of spinal nerve roots is .
Which of these surgeries for disc herniations has good outcomes?
microdisectomy
cervical disc prosthesis
lumbar fusion
all of these
none of these
While microdiscectomy has good outcomes for people with disc herniations, patients lose fine ability to balance and rehab is very complicated.
Which of these is NOT synonymous with degenerative disc disease?
spondylolysis
lumbar osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease
spondylosis
is an acute fracture of the pars interarticularis with displacement. is degenerative arthritis of the vertebral joints. is an acute fracture of pars interarticularis without displacement.
Which of these is NOT true about spondylolistheis?
Very often occurs due to micro trauma issue.
Some people who have this condition are asymptomatic.
In this condition the vertebrae is displaced anteriorly.
In this condition the vertebrae is displaced posteriorly.
Which of these situations would not lead to burst fracture?
osteoporosis and falling on your booty from a great distance
forcefully slamming your head into a soccer ball in order to score a goal
lifting a heavy box
all of these would lead to a burst fracture
occurs when the articular surface of the vertebrae become less smooth and lose mobility.
A(n) scoliosis may occur due to leg length discrepancy. A(n) scoliosis is one you are born with.
The difference between a congenital and acquired scoliosis is best seen when the person is asked to ❌. A congenital scoliosis demonstrates a ❌ in ❌.
Which of these is true about scoliosis?
People with scoliosis experience chronic pain with intermittent episodes of acute pain.
Despite issues with patient compliance, bracing shows good long term efficacy.
Scoliosis is measured based on the direction of convexity.
A scoliosis greater than 50 degrees almost always compresses the vital organs.
People who've had scoliosis surgery have no flexion, extension or side bending in area of fusion.
Which of these is true about the SI joint?
Has a great deal of mobility
dysfunction in just joint can result in lateral side leg pain
SI joint is a synarthrosis.
SI joint dysfunction results in a radiculopathy
Fusion of the 5th lumbar vertebrae onto the sacrum is called a . When the 1st sacral segment acts like a 6th lumbar vertebrae its called a .
Which these is true about facet joints in motion?
In spinal flexion disc bulges posteriorly putting more pressure on the spinal nerve roots.
In spinal flexion disc bulges posteriorly and puts more pressure on spinal cord.
Spinal extension may exacerbate pressure on the spinal cord due to pressure from disc.
Spinal extension may relieve pressure on spinal nerve roots.
Bilateral pain in areas of body may be attributed to upper motor neuron dysfunction. Whereas unilateral pain in area of body may be attributed to lower motor neuron dysfunction.
