Topic 1
Qualitative analysis

What are the two analysis?

Explain why the test for any ion must be unique

Describe tests to show the presence of the following ions in solids or solutions as appropriate: Al3+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ using sodium hydroxide solution

Describe tests to show the presence of Ammonium, NH4+?

Describe tests to show the presence of the following ions in solids or solutions as appropriate: Cl-, Br-, I- using dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution?

What do the tests of ions form the basis of what for testing by chemists?

Topic 2
Quantitative analysis

What does dissolved calcium or magnesium ions in tap water lead to?

What are the problems caused by hard water?

What are the two types of hard water?

How can temporary hardness be removed by?

How can permanent hardness be removed by?

How do you find out how much of a substance is dissolved in water?

What is the amount of a substance measured in?

What is the number of particles measured in?

How do you make a soluble salt using an acid and an insoluble reactant?

How do you make a soluble salt using an acid and a soluble reactant?

What is an acid-base titration?

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation?

Describe how to carry out simple acid-base titrations using burette, pipette and suitable acid-base indicators?

Topic 3
Electrolytic processes

What are electrolytes?

Describe the movement of ions during electrolysis?

What is oxidation?

What is reduction?

Where does reduction and oxidation occur in electrolysis reactions?

Describe the manufacture of sodium by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride?

What can sodium be used in?

What is the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution?

Explain the formation of the products in the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution?

Explain the formation of the products in the electrolysis of copper chloride solution?

Explain the formation of the products in the electrolysis of copper sulfate solution?

Explain the formation of the products in the electrolysis of sodium sulfate solution?

Explain the formation of the products in the electrolysis of molten lead bromide?

Describe the purification of copper by electrolysis using a pure copper cathode and an impure copper anode?

Explain how electroplating can be used?

Topic 4
Gases, equilibria and ammonia

What does one mole of any gas occupy at room temperature and atmospheric pressure?

What are nitrogenous fertilisers manufactured from?

What are the environmental consequences of the over-use of fertilisers?

Are chemical reactions reversible, true or false?

Does the Haber process use a reversible reaction?

What does dynamic equilibrium mean?

Explain how the position of a dynamic equilibrium is affected?

What is the consequence of the change of position in the equilibrium and what will be needed to fix the problem?

Describe how, in industrial reactions such as the Haber process, the temperature, pressure and catalyst used produce an acceptable yield in an acceptable time for the industrial manufacture of ammonia??

Topic 5
Organic chemistry

How would you make a solution of ethanol by fermentation?

Is it true that different percentages of ethanol are present in various drinks?

How can having too much alcohol be bad for the body?

How can having too much alcohol be bad for society?

How can ethanol be made, besides from fermentation?

Evaluate the factors which are relevant to the choice of method used in the manufacture of ethanol?

What does the dehydration of ethanol result in?

What is a homologous series?

Recall the names, formulae and structures of members of the following homologous series?

How does ethanoic acid form and where does the reaction occur in?

What is the use of vinegar?

How is ethanoic acid a typical acid?

What does the reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid produce?

Write an equation for the reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid using molecular and structural formulae?

What are the uses of esters?

What are the uses of polyesters?

Polyesters can be recycled to form what?

Give two examples of esters?

How are soaps made from esters and alkali?

How does a soap remove dirt or grease?

How are vegetable oils hydrogenated for the food industry?