a.
National realignments are between two parties; in Texas, realignment involves three parties.

b.
National realignments tend to revert back every decade; in Texas, this has not happened

c.
National realignment typically happens during one election; in Texas, it is very gradual.

d.
In Texas, realignment takes place almost immediately, whereas nationally, it has been a bit slower.

e.
In Texas, realignment occurs in a midterm election whereas nationally it occurs in a presidential election.

a.
45 percent Democratic, 30 percent Republican, and 25 percent independent.

b.
45 percent Democratic, 30 percent Republican, and the rest independent or third-party affiliated.

c.
36 percent Republican, 24 percent Democratic, and 40 percent independent.

d.
35 percent Republican, 27 percent Democratic, and the rest independent or third-party affiliated.

e.
33 percent Democratic, 33 percent Republican, and the rest independent or third-party affiliated.

a.
polar shifting.

b.
realignment.

c.
reapportionment.

d.
pluralism.

e.
devolution.

a.
In defeating John Hill, Bill Clements became the first Republican governor elected since Reconstruction.

b.
The Republicans won by 10 percent, a 24 percent gain over their performance in the 1974 gubernatorial election.

c.
Despite a significant monetary advantage, Democrat John Hill lost to unknown Bill Clements.

d.
Not only did Republican Bill Clements win, but Republican Party enrollment jumped by nearly 30 percent.

e.
It was the first gubernatorial election since Reconstruction where a Democrat won by less than 1 percent.

a.
the party in the electorate, and the party in the government.

b.
the party in the government, and the party in opposition to the government.

c.
the party in the electorate, and the party in the state.

d.
the party in the government, and the party in the state.

e.
the party in the electorate, and the party in opposition to the government.

a.
Bill Clements, a Republican.

b.
Kay Bailey Hutchison, a Republican.

c.
John Tower, a Republican.

d.
William Blakely, a Democrat.

e.
Ann Richards, a Democrat

a.
a political party lobbies governmental officeholders.

b.
an interest group seeks to enlist and nominate candidates.

c.
an interest group exists to run the day-to-day business of government.

d.
a political party seeks to enlist and nominate candidates.

e.
a political party is only interested in certain issues.

a.
It ruled that parties had to open their membership to all races.

b.
It found that Jim Crow laws were unconstitutional and banned them

c.
It ruled that single-member districts in Texas were unfair to minorities.

d.
It ruled that segregation on the basis of race was illegal.

e.
It found that the white primary in Texas was unconstitutional.

a.
local offices.

b.
county judgeships.

c.
statewide offices.

d.
Texas House seats.

e.
House and Senate seats in Austin.

a.
special interest group.

b.
political party.

c.
political movement.

d.
social movement.

e.
fringe party.

a. separate fees

b. general elections

c. primary elections

d. voters registration cards

e. special elections

a. True

b. False

a. doctrinal socialization.

b. political indoctrination.

c. moral education.

d. educational socialization.

e. political socialization.

a. interest groups and political action committees.

b. interest groups and the governor.

c. the governor and lieutenant governor.

d. lobbyists and pollsters.

e. politicians and political action committees.

a. $25 million.

b. $100 million.

c. $150 million.

d. $75 million.

e. $50 million.

a. no political involvement

b. low public involvement

c. low voter turnout

d. political distrust

e. low voter registration

a. Because of the intensity of negative ads and the public outcry against them, both candidates were banned from using them two months prior to the election.

b. The intensity of negative ads in the 1990 race and issues over defamation of character produced by them led the Federal Election Commission to block them.

c. Richards won despite negative ads used against her, but public fury over the use of negative ads in 1990 led to legislation prohibiting them the following year.

d. Despite spending millions for his controlled media events, Williams was still defeated by Richards who used ads that painted Williams in a negative light.

e. Negative ads were repeatedly use by both campaigns, though the ads used by Williams were considered racist and helped turn public opinion against him.

a. after he or she has been registered to vote for five years.

b. after stating that he or she will be out of the county on election day.

c. after stating that he or she is incapacitated and cannot get to get to the polls.

d. without having to state a reason.

e. by taking an oath to fulfill the duties of a voter.

a. The cost of holding elections is drastically reduced as is the cost of campaigns.

b. Candidates are typically forced to campaign for shorter periods.

c. Voter turnout increases when voters are faced with fewer candidates.

d. Voter fatigue increases due to disinterest in participating in so many elections.

e. Issues that are unique to state and local races are converged.

a. Unlike the federal government, Texas does not require campaign donors who live in the state to reveal their name and information.

b. Unlike the federal government, Texas has rules limiting the amount of time prior to an election in which a candidate can raise money.

c. Unlike the federal government, Texas allows donations received for state and local races to be tax deductible and written off at the end of the year.

d. Unlike the federal government, Texas places no limits on how much a candidate can raise and spend for an election.

e. Unlike the federal government, Texas places no limits on the amount of money a person or PAC can contribute to most political candidates.

a. the role of education in preparing a candidate for
public office

b. the electability of candidates who have been divorced

c. whether a candidate’s gender influences media coverage

d. the role of children in a political campaign

a. They are important to allow the media to hold the
government accountable.

b. They are important to allow the media to protect the
confidentiality of their sources.

c. They have resulted in a 90 percent increase in ethics
investigations.

d. They have been ruled unconstitutional.

a. the Chamber of Commerce

b. the establishment

c. the Populist Party

d. the Republican Party

a. engaging in agenda setting

b. illegally influencing public opinion

c. engaging in manipulation and violating professional
ethics

d. violating the state constitution

a. TV advertising can be very effective in a campaign.

b. Political candidates get large discounts on ad rates.

c. Candidates have to advertise on TV to qualify for
public campaign financing.

d. Candidates purchase TV ads to encourage more free
campaign coverage from TV news staffs.

a. remained stable in the last thirty years

b. been conclusively linked to positive enhancements in
democratic governing

c. been conclusively demonstrated to be harmful to
democracy

d. both positive and negative components

a. his popularity with establishment Republican voters
and anticipation that he would run for president

b. his conservatism, aggressive campaign style, and ability
to raise money

c. his close ties to former President George W. Bush

d. his ability to compromise with Democrats on critical
issues

a. bipartisanship

b. conflict

c. custom

d. repetition

a. It was the last paper to create a website.

b. It is part of a national chain of media outlets.

c. It is owned by a Texas-based company.

d. It aggressively covers political news.

a. They went bankrupt.

b. They lost large amounts of advertising revenue.

c. They began to take sides politically.

d. They were purchased by new owners.

a. move from Seattle to Washington, D.C., to exercise
close control over the paper

b. allow the Post to continue to practice independent
journalism

c. sever all ties with the Post’s previous longtime owners

d. merge the Post with the Gannett newspaper chain

a. Reporters filter information, and PR specialists
spin it.

b. Reporters are more independent than PR specialists.

c. Most reporters are Democrats, and most PR specialists
are Republicans.

d. PR specialists are more accurate in their work.

a. growing perception of media bias

b. increased attention placed on professional journalists

c. increased adherence to professional ethical standards

d. a more informed and neutral citizenry

a. They are trained in journalistic ethics.

b. They are trained in professional norms regarding fact
checking.

c. They are best seen as distributors and commentators
of the news.

d. They are producing some of the best-quality
investigative journalism today.

a. a liberal Democrat

b. a moderate Democrat

c. a conservative Republican

d. a moderate Republican