❌ - the process by which water enters the soil
❌ - when water moves vertically down through soil and rock
❌ - water in the soil flows downhill
❌ - water in rock flows downhill
❌ - water flows overground
❌ - flow of water in a river
❌ - water held in a river
❌ - water stored underground in rocks and soil
❌ - upper surface of groundwater
❌ - precipitation trapped or stored temporarily on vegetation
❌ - precipitation stored above the ground, such as puddles, lakes and resevoirs

Waterfalls form when a river flows over an area of ❌ followed by an area of ❌. The softer rock is eroded more, so forms a ❌ in the river, eventually forming a waterfall. The hard rock is eventually ❌ by erosion as it becomes ❌ and collapses. The collapsed rock swirls around at the bottom creating a ❌. As more undercutting occurs, the waterfall ❌, creating a ❌.

River discharge is affected by different factors. ❌ and ❌ rainfall causes more runoff and a ❌ time. ❌ and previous wet conditions mean water can't ❌ to saturated soil, so there's more ❌ and shorter lag time. Low and light rainfall causes ❌ runoff and a ❌ lag time, as well as ❌. More vegetation means more water is ❌ and evaporates, so less water reaches the channel. ❌ is also slowed by roots, so there's a longer lag time.
Urban areas have lots of impermeable rock, ❌ discharge.
Rural areas have more vegetation, ❌ discharge.