Biology Unit 1-7 Flashcards

What's a balanced diet?
B1.1

What do carbohydrates, fat and protein do to the body?
B1.1

What is meant by metabolic rate and what factors affect the rate?
B1.1

If you exercise more, what happens to the body? (refer to metabolic rate and chemical reactions)
B1.1

The more exercise you take, the more (....) you need
B1.1

Define malnourished
B1.1

What can obesity lead to? (give example)
B1.2

What does exercise do to the body?
B1.2

How can you reduce weight problems?
B1.2

Why do starving people find it difficult to walk about?
B1.2

What happens to your body if you take in too much energy or vitamins?
B1.2

How can people change their lifestyle to help lower their blood cholesterol level?
B1.3

Why does eating too much make you put on weight?
B1.3

How do pathogens make you feel ill?
B1.4

Why did it take so long for others to accept the ideas of Semmelwiess?
B1.4

What is a pathogen?
B1.4

What happens when bacteria or viruses enter the body?
B1.4

What do viruses do?
B1.4

How are many pathogens prevented from entering the body?
B1.5

How do white blood cells defend the body?
B1.5

Why are antibiotics only able to kill bacteria?
B1.6

What do antibiotics do?
B1.6

What do medicines do?
B1.6

How do antibiotics kill bacterial diseases?
B1.6

Why are viruses difficult to destroy?
B1.6

How do you keep a bacterial culture pure?
B1.7

Why do industrial laboratories use 35 degrees Celsius instead of 25 degrees Celsius as in schools?
B1.7

How do you make sure unwanted microorganisms do not contaminate a pure culture of bacteria?
B1.7

What can be grown on agar jelly?
B1.7

How do you keep a culture pure?
B1.7

Why do pathogens spread rapidly?
B1.8

How does natural selection cause resistant population of bacteria to develop?
B1.8

What is meant by vaccination?
B1.9

What do vaccines contain?
B1.9

What do vaccines do?
B1.9

What are the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination?
B1.10

Why is it necessary to develop new medicines?
B1.10

Give three reasons to explain why a person may be malnourished.
B1.1

Give three factors that affect how much energy a person needs.
B1.3

Why is it difficult to produce medicines to destroy viruses?
B1.6

How are the ideas of Semmelweis used in modern hospitals?
B1.4

What is meant by mutation of a pathogen?
B1.4

How is a pandemic different from an epidemic?
B1.8

Why don't doctors given antibiotics for mild throat infections?
B1.8

Explain how bacteria develop antibiotic resistance.
B1.8

How does a person develop immunity following vaccination?
B1.9

Reflex
B2 KW

Synapse
B2 KW

Reflex arc
B2 KW

Menstrual cycle
B2 KW

FSH
B2 KW

Pituitary gland
B2 KW

Oestrogen
B2 KW

Ovary
B2 KW

Ovulation
B2 KW

Kidney
B2 KW

Enzyme
B2 KW

Pancreas
B2 KW

Phototropism
B2 KW

Gravitropism
B2 KW

Auxin
B2 KW

What sitimuli are detected by the sense organs?
B2.1

How do impuses pass from the receptor to the central nervous system?
B2.1

What is the function of a relay neuron?
B2.2

Which hormones are made in the pituitary gland?
B2.3

Which hormone is inhibited by the contraceptive pill but is given in fertility treatment?
B2.4

Why is it important to control our body temperature?
B2.5

Why do shoots bend towards light?
B2.6

What are the ethical concerns about using fertility drugs?
B2.7

Why is it important to use hormones correctly in agriculture?
B2.7

Name the two main types of effector in the human body.
B2.1

What are neurones?
B2.1

Name three stimuli which affect humans.
B2.1

What effect does oestrogen have on FSH production?
B2.3

Where is FSH produced and how do they affect other hormones?
B2.3

Where is oestrogen produced and how do they affect other hormones?
B2.3

Where is LH produced and how do they affect other hormones?
B2.3

State two internal conditions that need to be controlled.
B2.5

How are impulses transmitted across a synapse?
B2.2

What type of cell detects a change in the environment?
B2.5

Name a plant hormone.
B2.6

What is a Gravitropism?
B2.6

Describe the sequence of events in a reflex action.
B2.2

Placebo
B2 KW

Double-blind trial
B2 KW

Thalidomide
B2 KW

Statin
B2 KW

Depression
B2 KW

Drugs
B2 KW

Withdrawal symptom
B2 KW

Steroid
B2 KW

Why is it important to test new drugs?
B3.1

Why do doctors prescribe statins?
B3.2

Why should herbal remedies be tested in a double-blind trial?
B3.2

Why are some drugs addictive?
B3.3

Why is it easy to become addicted to recreational drugs?
B3.4

Why do some athletes take drugs to improve their performance?
B3.6

Why was thalidomide given to pregnant women many years ago?
B3.1

Why is thalidomide never given to pregnant women nowadays?
B3.1

Name two very addictive drugs.
B3.3

What is meant by recreational drugs?
B3.4

What is meant by double blind trial?
B3.2

What condition is caused in many teenagers who smoke cannabis?
B3.5

Which parts of the body is affected by recreational drugs?
B3.4

What is meant by an 'adaptation'?
B4.1

What is meant by an 'extremophile'?
B4.1

Why do large animals find it difficult to cool down?
B4.2

MATHS SKILL B4.2

Give three ways a plant can conserve water?
B4.3

Why do animals need territory?
B4.4

Why do plants try to spread their seeds as far as possible?
B4.5

Name 3 non-living environmental factors
B4.7

Competing strategies in plants
B4

How do extremophiles differ from normal organisms?
B4

The larger the animal the ... the SA:V ratio is
B4

Why are so many animals in the artic large?
B4

List three ways in which artic animals keep warm in the winter
B4

Why do animals try to cool down without sweating in hot, dry conditions?
B4

Why do some animals change coat colour in certain seasons?
B4

Name four adaptions for hot, dry conditions
B4

How do plants lose water through their leaves?
B4

Name three plant adaptations for surviving in dry conditions?
B4

Give one useful adaptation for a herbivore and one for a carnivore.
B4

What do plants compete with each other for?
B4

How do the fluffy parachutes of the dandelion help the seeds to spread out?
B4

Which non-living environmental factor affects the distribution of polar bears?

How do environmental changes happen?

Why are arctic foxes white in the winter?
B4.2

Define adaption
B4

Why do large animals find it difficult to cool down?
B4

Give three ways a plant can conserve water?
B4

Why do animals need territory?
B4

Why do plants try to spread there seeds as far as possible?
B4

What is the advantage to the fig tree of attracting the right kind of fig wasp?
B4

How are the star-nosed mole and Venus fly trap adapted for survival?
B4

Why do some birds fly further north to find nesting sites?
B4

State three things that plants compete for?
B4

Why are arctic foxes white in the winter?
B4

State the three possible ways a plant might conserve water
B4

Why do warning colours prevent some animals being eaten?
B4

Why do some animals move north during the summertime and return south in the winter?
B4

Why do some woodland plants grow and flower early in the year?
B4

Name an instrument which can record environmental change over a few weeks
B4

What is the advantage for some predators to be camouflaged?
B4

An elephant has a small surface area to volume ratio. How will this affect the elephant in hot climates?
B4

A farmer plants some seeds in rows 10cm apart. The plants grow well. He wonders if he should plant them closer next year. Explain why this might not produce a better yield?
B4

Suggest why some animals in a desert spend all day in a burrow and come out at night?
B4

Why is it difficult to interpret data about changes in the distribution of animals and plants?
B4

Why are plants always a the base of the pyramid of biomass?
B5.1

Which process in cells releases energy from food materials?
B5.2

Give an example of a detritus feeder
B5.3

What is meant by a decomposer?
B5.3

Which process takes carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere?
B5.4

Why do gardeners add worms to compost?
B5.5

Suggest why councils shred garden waste before putting it into big bins?
B5.5

What does the word 'biomass' mean?
B5

What is meant by 'organic waste'?
B5

Which processes return carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
B5

How can energy wastage be reduced in a food chain?
B5

What is a sankey diagram?
B5

Why does a compost heap get hot?
B5

Why do we normally eat herbivores rather than carnivores?
B5

What do we mean by a stable community in terms of recycling of nutrients?
B5

When a calf eats grass, only about 30% of the material is turned into a new growth of the calf, what happens to the other 70%?
B5

Where are genes found?
B6.1

What do genes control?
B6.1

Explain which type of reproduction produces genetically identical offspring?
B6.2

Explain which type of reproduction leads to a variation in the offspring?
B6.2

What are the two factors that control some of our characteristics?
B6.3

Name a quick, cheap way of cloning plants
B6.4

Why is it more difficult to successfully clone animals than plants?
B6.4

Name the two cells needed in adult cell cloning
B6.5

What is used to cut genes out of chromosomes?
B6.6

Why do farmers grow GM crops?
B6.7

How is genetic information passed from parents to offspring?
B6

What is meant by a 'host' animal?
B6

How are calf embryos cloned?
B6

How long ago did life begin on Earth?
B7.1

What name is given to Darwin's theory of evolution?
B7.2

Which birds did Darwin observe to find evidence for evolution?
B7.2

Why do organisms show a wide range of variation?
B7.3

Why are mutated genes sometimes an advantage?
B7.3

What are the main kingdoms of living organisms?
B7.4

Why do biologists draw evolutionary trees?
B7.4

What is meant by evolution?
B7

What is the main difference between Lamarck's theory of evolution and Darwins Theory
B7

Why did it take so long for Dawrin's theory to be accepted?
B7

Why do only some members of a population survive to breed?
B7

Why is there variation between members of the same species?
B7

What is meant by the term survival of the fittest?
B7

What is meant by natural selection?
B7

What is meant by the term species?
B7

Suggest three factors that could change in a habitat area causing problems for the organisms living there?

All species of living things have evolved from what?
B7

What are evolutionary trees?
B7

What are the main kingdoms of living organisms?
B7

Learn the sequence (4 words) evolution
B7

Learn this sequence (6 words) Natural selection
B7

What does classification do?
B7