Atoms consist of _____, _____ and _____

Protons are _____ charged

Neutrons are _____

Electrons are _____ charged

All of the elements in a _____ have the same number of _____ in their _____

Group 1 elements react with _____ to form an _____ and _____

Group 1 elements react with _____ to form _____

Group 0 elements are the _____ and all have _____ electrons in their outer shell, excluding _____

Noble gases are _____ and _____

The mass number tells you the number of _____ and _____

The atomic number tells you the number of _____

Electrons always occupy _____

Atoms are more stable when then have a _____ of electrons

However, in most atoms the outer shell is not full so it wants to _____ to fill it

Compound

Making these bonds includes _____, _____ or _____ electrons

Ionic bonding

Metal atoms _____ electrons to form _____ ions

Non-metal atoms _____ electrons to form _____ ions

Describe ionic bonding to form sodium chloride

Covalent bonding

Each atom _____ electrons with the other to create a _____ of electrons

Describe covalent bonding to form hydrogen chloride

A chemical formula shows what _____ are in a _____

Limestone is mainly _____

When heated it _____ to form _____ and _____

Chemical equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

Thermal decomposition

Calcium carbonate also reacts with _____ to make a _____, _____ and _____

Chemical equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and sulfuric acid

The type of salt depends on the type of _____

Other carbonates that react with acids

Calcium oxide reacts with _____ to form _____

Chemical equation for the reaction between calcium oxide and water

Calcium hydroxide is an _____ which can be used to neutralize _____ in fields, and works much _____ than powdered limestone

Calcium hydroxide can also be used to test for _____ by making a solution called _____

If carbon dioxide is present, the limewater will turn _____, caused by the formation of _____

Chemical equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide

Limestone can be _____ and _____ in a kiln with _____ to make _____

Cement can be mixed with _____ and _____ to make _____

Or cement can be mixed with _____ and _____ (water and gravel) to make _____

5 environmental issues caused by quarrying limestone

2 environmental issues caused by using limestone production

5 uses of limestone

2 good things about quarrying limestone

Advantages of limestone

Advantages of concrete

Disadvantages of limestone/concrete

Some _____ metals such as _____ are found in the earth as the metal itself

A metal _____ is a rock that contains _____ to make it _____ extracting the metal from it

In many cases the ore is an _____ of the metal

The main aluminium ore is called _____

The _____ of metal extraction can _____ over time and affect how _____ it would be to extract certain metals

A metal can be extracted from its ore by _____ or _____

Some ores may need to be _____ before extraction

Electrolysis can also be used to _____ the extracted metal

A metal can be extracted from its ore by reduction using _____

When an ore is reduced _____ is _____ from it

The position of the metal in the _____ determines whether it can be extracted by ______ with _____

Metals higher than _____ have to be extracted by _____ which is _____

Metals below _____ can be extracted by _____ using _____, for example _____

Metals that are more reactive than carbon have to be extracted using _____ of _____, such as _____

This is very expensive because it uses a lot of _____

While copper can be extracted using _____, it is very _____ and cannot _____ very well

So electrolysis is used to _____ it

Electrolysis is the _____ of a substance using _____

It needs a _____ to conduct the electricity, called the _____, often a _____ solution, such as _____, or a _____

The electrolyte has _____ which conduct the electricity

Electrons are _____ copper atoms at the _____, causing them to go into _____ as _____ ions

_____ ions near the _____ gain electrons and turn back into _____

The _____ are dropped at the _____ as a sludge, whilst _____ bond to the _____

Copper can also be extracted from _____ using a _____ reaction

More reactive metals react _____ than _____ metals

Placing a _____ metal into a solution of a _____ will mean that the _____ metal will _____ the _____ metal in the _____

The _____ metal bonds _____ to the _____ part of the compound and _____ the _____ metal

For example, _____ can be used to displace _____ from _____ solution

The supply of _____ ores is _____ so it is important to _____ as much as possible